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Fig. 9 | BMC Plant Biology

Fig. 9

From: Identification of cell wall-associated kinases as important regulators involved in Gossypium hirsutum resistance to Verticillium dahliae

Fig. 9

A proposed model explaining how GhWAKs regulate cotton resistance to V. dahliae. V. dahliae (VD) could secrete various toxins and carbohydrate active enzymes, which break plant cell wall (CW) integrity and generate some degradation products, such as pectin and oligogalacturonides (OGs). GhWAKs, plasma membrane (PM) localizing proteins with transmembrane domain (TM), potentially and directly interact with these cell wall fragments and some cell wall proteins (e.g. glycine-rich proteins, GRPs) by extracellular domains (EDs), and then activate jasmonate (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathway via their cytoplasmic pkinase domain (PK). As a result, defence responses are activated, such as the accumulation of lignin, H2O2 and nitric oxide (NO), and the activity of peroxidase (POD)

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