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Table 4 Bacterial counts (Log (cfu g-1 dry soil)) in root rhizosphere and mycorrhizal colonization levels (%) in roots of soybean treated with biofertilizers alone or in combination under drought stress

From: Physiological and biochemical responses of soybean plants inoculated with Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Bradyrhizobium under drought stress

Treatments

2018/2019

2019/2020

Bacterial counts

Mycorrhizal colonization

Bacterial counts

Mycorrhizal colonization

Total

P-dissolvers

F

M

A

Total

P-dissolvers

F

M

A

Ck

Without NPK

7.740 g

5.680j

–

–

–

7.781j

5.725i

–

–

–

100% NPK

8.007e

5.994e-g

–

–

–

7.995gh

6.023ef

–

–

–

50% NPK

7.870f

5.870hi

–

–

–

7.902i

5.930 g

–

–

–

B. japonicum + 50% NPK

8.099de

6.085c-e

–

–

–

8.089ef

6.119c

–

–

–

Mycorrhiza + 50% NPK

8.163 cd

6.091 cd

85.0b

52.3a

41.2a

8.145de

6.111 cd

83.0b

50.2a

40.2a

Mixture + 50% NPK

8.175 cd

6.092 cd

90.0a

48.2b

38.1b

8.132ef

6.109 cd

90.0a

48.8b

39.7a

D1

Without NPK

7.861f

5.825i

–

–

–

8.002gh

5.839 h

–

–

–

100% NPK

8.240bc

6.040d-f

–

–

–

8.220 cd

6.047de

–

–

–

50% NPK

8.090de

5.946gh

–

–

–

8.156de

5.974 fg

–

–

–

B. japonicum + 50% NPK

8.479a

6.296a

–

–

–

8.418a

6.221b

–

–

–

Mycorrhiza + 50% NPK

8.472a

6.320a

75.3d

30.4e

24.8d

8.494a

6.340a

75.6e

31.3d

20.0c

Mixture + 50% NPK

8.457a

6.289a

73.6e

29.6f

20.0f

8.474a

6.309a

72.6f

28.6e

18.5d

D2

Without NPK

7.869f

5.725j

–

–

–

7.824j

5.850 h

–

–

–

100% NPK

8.033e

5.979 fg

–

–

–

8.053 fg

6.026ef

–

–

–

50% NPK

7.905f

5.937gh

–

–

–

7.940hi

5.959 fg

–

–

–

B. japonicum + 50% NPK

8.321b

6.187b

–

–

–

8.280bc

6.152c

–

–

–

Mycorrhiza + 50% NPK

8.205c

6.152bc

80.0c

38.4c

27.82c

8.311b

6.283ab

80.0c

26.8f

26.0b

Mixture + 50% NPK

8.201c

6.187b

79.1c

33.4d

21.90e

8.227 cd

6.278ab

78.1d

33.8c

20.5c

Fertilization

***

***

***

***

***

***

***

***

***

***

Drought

***

***

***

***

***

***

***

***

***

***

Fertilization × Drought

**

ns

***

***

***

ns

***

***

***

***

  1. (−) means no result was detected, Means sharing the same letters, for a parameter during a year, do not differ significantly at α = 0.05 after Student–Newman–Keul test; ns, not significant; and *, **, ***, denote significant differences at P ≤ 0.05, 0.01, and 0.001, respectively, among the studied factors. Mixture (B. japonicum + Mycorrhiza); CK (Control); D1 [irrigation withholding at early pod stage (50 days from sowing, R3)]; D2 [irrigation withholding at seed development stage (90 days from sowing, R3)]; F (Frequency of root colonization); M (Intensity of cortical colonization) and A (Arbuscule frequency in roots)