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Table 3 Influence of biofertilizers alone or in combination on branching, nodulation and grain yield of soybean under drought stress

From: Physiological and biochemical responses of soybean plants inoculated with Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and Bradyrhizobium under drought stress

Treatments

2018/2019

2019/2020

Branches/Plant

Nodules/Plant

Grains yield (t/ha)

Branches/Plant

Nodules/Plant

Grains yield (t/ha)

CK

Without NPK

2.6ef

3.0i

1.19f

3.3ef

4.6i

1.10 h

100% NPK

4.6a-d

24.0f

2.32bc

6.6a-c

26.3e

2.50c

50% NPK

3.6c-f

13.3 g

1.64e

5.0b-e

15.6gh

1.68f

B. japonicum + 50% NPK

5.6ab

59.6a

2.49b

8.6a

65.0a

2.83b

Mycorrhiza+ 50% NPK

6.3a

33.0e

2.87a

6.0bc

35.6d

3.07a

Mixture + 50% NPK

5.6ab

51.0b

2.50b

7.0ab

55.3b

2.63c

D1

Without NPK

2.3f

0.66i

0.98 g

2.6f

1.3i

0.96hi

100% NPK

3.6c-f

14.0 g

2.10d

6.3bc

18.3 fg

2.22de

50% NPK

3.0d-f

8.3 h

1.35f

4.3c-f

11.3 h

1.41 g

B. japonicum + 50% NPK

4.3b-e

38.3d

2.20 cd

5.6b-d

44.0c

2.29d

Mycorrhiza+ 50% NPK

3.6c-f

25.6f

2.51b

5.0b-e

27.0e

2.50c

Mixture + 50% NPK

4.0b-f

31.6e

2.19 cd

6.0bc

33.0d

2.29d

D2

Without NPK

3.0d-f

1.3i

0.94 g

3.0ef

2.65i

0.89i

 

100% NPK

4.0b-f

23.3f

2.06d

4.6b-f

21.6f

2.08e

 

50% NPK

3.0d-f

11.6gh

1.37f

3.6d-f

14.3 gh

1.29 g

 

B. japonicum + 50% NPK

5.0a-c

46.3c

2.14 cd

6.0bc

51.0b

2.17de

 

Mycorrhiza+ 50% NPK

4.6a-d

30.6e

2.25fcd

5.6b-d

32.6d

2.28d

 

Mixture + 50% NPK

4.6a-d

40.6d

2.13 cd

5.6b-d

44.3c

2.19de

Fertilization

***

***

***

***

***

***

Drought

***

***

***

**

***

***

Fertilization × Drought

ns

***

ns

ns

***

**

  1. Means sharing the same letters, for a parameter during a year, do not differ significantly at α = 0.05 after Student–Newman–Keul test; ns, not significant; and *, **, ***, denote significant differences at P ≤ 0.05, 0.01, and 0.001, respectively, among the studied factors. Mixture: (B. japonicum + Mycorrhiza); CK (Control); D1 [irrigation withholding at early pod stage (50 days from sowing, R3)]; D2 [irrigation withholding at seed development stage (90 days from sowing, R3)]