From: Cold stress in the harvest period: effects on tobacco leaf quality and curing characteristics
Treatment | Sampling temperature (°C) | Continuous flue-curing time (h) | Conventional chemical compositions (%) | Polyphenols (mg g− 1) | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total sugar | Reducing sugar | Total nitrogen | Nicotine | Potassium oxide | Water soluble chloride | Starch | Protein | Sugar–nicotine ratio | Nitrogen–nicotine ratio | Neochlorogenic acid | Chlorogenic acid | Caffeic acid | Scopoletin | Rutin | Kaempferol | |||
Inside the greenhouse | Fresh tobacco leaves | – | 9.36Ac | 5.20Ab | 1.81Ac | 2.33Aa | 1.93Ab | 0.12Ab | 33.00Aa | 8.46Aa | 4.35Aa | 0.82Aab | 1.56Ac | 7.25Bc | 0.12Aab | 0.12Aab | 9.69Ab | 0.11Ab |
38 | 23.5 | 30.07Aa | 16.00Ba | 2.26Aab | 3.44Aa | 2.75Aab | 0.24Aa | 4.20Bb | 7.10Ab | 9.23Ba | 0.67Aab | 3.31Aab | 16.04Ba | 0.19Aa | 0.09Ab | 12.38Aab | 0.32Aa | |
42 | 16.5 | 18.79Bbc | 11.53Bab | 2.63Aa | 3.18Aa | 3.57Aa | 0.14Aab | 1.40Ab | 7.84Aab | 6.04Ba | 0.83Aab | 2.71Ab | 7.44Ac | 0.05Ab | 0.20Aa | 8.42Ab | 0.31Aa | |
48 | 15 | 21.65Bab | 11.98Bab | 2.39Aab | 2.80Aa | 2.98Aa | 0.18Aab | 2.44Ab | 7.70Aab | 7.84Ba | 0.85Aab | 3.60Aab | 12.35Aabc | 0.23Aa | 0.10Ab | 11.52Aab | 0.15Ab | |
54 | 22.5 | 20.48Bab | 10.18Bab | 2.19Abc | 3.35Aa | 3.44Aa | 0.14Aab | 1.03Ab | 7.26Aab | 6.58Ba | 0.66Ab | 4.01Aa | 14.62Aab | 0.21Aa | 0.16Aab | 14.06Aa | 0.16Ab | |
Initially flue-cured tobacco leaves | – | 21.32Aab | 12.64Bab | 2.32Aab | 2.75Aa | 3.12Aa | 0.19Aab | 1.27Ab | 7.45Aab | 7.63Aa | 0.87Aa | 3.43Aab | 10.42Abc | 0.23Aa | 0.10Ab | 9.59Bb | 0.15Ab | |
Outside the greenhouse | Fresh tobacco leaves | – | 7.60Ab | 3.79Ab | 1.53Ab | 2.12Aa | 1.43Aa | 0.06Aa | 39.94Aa | 6.87Ba | 3.61Ab | 0.73Aa | 1.30Ab | 14.15Abc | 0.21Aab | 0.13Aab | 11.1Aa | 0.10Ab |
38 | 23.5 | 36.95Aa | 25.06Aa | 1.44Bb | 1.89Ba | 2.12Aa | 0.14Aa | 13.25Ab | 5.41Bb | 20.74Aa | 0.78Aa | 2.18Bab | 23.20Aa | 0.25Aa | 0.06Ab | 14.18Aa | 0.19Ba | |
42 | 16.5 | 36.07Aa | 27.56Aa | 1.71Bab | 2.24Aa | 1.70Ba | 0.06Aa | 8.72Abc | 6.08Bab | 16.74Aa | 0.78Aa | 1.29Bb | 9.75Ac | 0.10Ab | 0.18Aa | 10.62Aa | 0.20Ba | |
48 | 15 | 33.2Aa | 23.02Aa | 1.99Ba | 2.86Aa | 1.76Ba | 0.07Ba | 7.41Abc | 6.56Aab | 14.07Aa | 0.79Aa | 3.07Aa | 16.73Ab | 0.25Aa | 0.12Aab | 13.28Aa | 0.08Ab | |
54 | 22.5 | 36.31Aa | 23.23Aa | 1.64Bab | 2.12Ba | 1.73Ba | 0.09Aa | 5.40Ac | 5.67Bab | 17.55Aa | 0.78Aa | 2.82Ba | 18.60Aab | 0.19Aab | 0.06Bb | 12.92Aa | 0.10Ab | |
Initially flue-cured tobacco leaves | – | 30.88Aa | 24.42Aa | 2.00Aa | 2.58Aa | 2.07Ba | 0.06Ba | 8.48Abc | 6.82Aa | 12.11Aab | 0.79Aa | 2.62Aa | 15.69Ab | 0.29Aa | 0.11Aab | 14.37Aa | 0.08Ab |