Fig. 3

Content of plant volatiles in different treatment. NI-P-UI: non-infected control plants; NI-P-IC: non-infected plants infested by healthy aphids; NI-P-IRT: non-infected plants infested by rifampicin-treated aphids; I-P-UI: CMV-infected plants; I-P-IC: CMV-infected plants infested by healthy aphids; I-P-IRT: CMV-infected plants infested by rifampicin-treated aphids. a. Plant volatiles of α-pinene, β-pinene, γ-terpinene, σ-cymene, and 2-octanol, on plants in different treatments. b. Plant volatiles of benzyl alcohol and σ-xylene, on plants in different treatments. c. Plant volatiles of 1-butanol, 3-hexen-1-ol, and 1-hexanal, on plants in different treatments. Values are means ± SE. Asterisks indicate significant differences (p < 0.05) by ANOVA and Tukey’s HSD post hoc test