Fig. 3

Analysis of xanthine and uric acid in apple leaves under normal and salt stress. a. Phenotype of tissue-cultured ‘Roya Gala’ plants in response to various treatments after 21 days of culture. b–e. Statistical analysis of tissue-cultured ‘Roya Gala’ plants in response to various treatments. The root number, root length, stem length and fresh weight of Roya Gala plants were measured at 21 days. Data are the means and SDs of three replicates. Different letters indicate significant differences between treatments, according to Tukey’s multiple range tests (P<0.05). CK, MS medium; X, MS medium with 50 mM xanthine; UA, MS medium with 50 mM uric acid. ST, MS with 50 mM NaCl; ST+X, MS with 50 mM NaCl and 50 mM xanthine; ST+UA, MS with 50 mM NaCl and 20 mM uric acid