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Table 1 Total lipid and fatty acid composition of developing fruiting body of psyllium

From: Metabolic profiling and scavenging activities of developing circumscissile fruit of psyllium (Plantago ovata Forssk.) reveal variation in primary and secondary metabolites

Fatty acids

Name of fatty acids

0 day

(Stage I)

4th day

(Stage II)

8th day

(Stage III)

12th day

(Stage IV)

16th day

(Stage IV)

20th day

(Stage V)

Lipid composition

 ∑ SFA

 

49.71 ± 1.46

30.12 ± 1.98

25.66 ± 0.45

28.43 ± 0.65

31.14 ± 1.25

33.65 ± 2.86

 ∑ MUFA

 

2.31 ± 0.72

1.96 ± 0.01

1.84 ± 0.01

1.73 ± 0.08

2.07 ± 0.13

3.16 ± 0.93

 ∑ PUFA

 

47.98 ± 0.74

67.92 ± 1.99

72.51 ± 0.44

69.84 ± 0.73

66.79 ± 1.38

63.18 ± 3.80

 ∑ 18 PUFA

 

47.61 ± 0.75

66.78 ± 2.20

70.61 ± 0.81

68.19 ± 0.85

65.4 ± 1.85

61.48 ± 4.96

 ∑ 20 PUFA

 

0.37 ± 0.01

1.14 ± 0.21

1.90 ± 0.37

1.64 ± 0.13

1.39 ± 0.46

1.70 ± 1.17

 UI

 

119.25 ± 0.51

174.56 ± 3.91

188.25 ± 0.91

180.57 ± 0.09

171.52 ± 3.75

153.78 ± 8.15

 DU

 

98.26 ± 2.21

137.8 ± 3.97

146.85 ± 0.88

141.41 ± 1.38

135.64 ± 2.63

129.53 ± 6.66

 n6/n3

 

1.3 ± 0.24

1.10 ± 0.05

1.01 ± 0.01

1.00 ± 0.09

1.05 ± 0.06

2.10 ± 0.17

 n9/n3

 

0.11 ± 0.04

0.06 ± 0.01

0.05 ± 0.01

0.04 ± 0.01

0.06 ± 0.01

0.14 ± 0.06

 n9/n6

 

0.08 ± 0.02

0.06 ± 0.01

0.05 ± 0.01

0.04 ± 0.01

0.05 ± 0.01

0.06 ± 0.03

 AI

 

31.29 ± 3.11

38.72 ± 0.39

39.72 ± 0.79

38.14 ± 0.54

38.86 ± 0.77

48.01 ± 0.93

 TI

 

97.73 ± 4.25

120.52 ± 0.48

129.41 ± 0.67

128.12 ± 3.31

122.46 ± 2.25

87.19 ± 4.95

Fatty acids composition

 C12:0

Lauric acid

n.d

n.d

n.d

n.d

0.77 ± 0.59

0.63 ± 0.21

 C14:0

Myristic acid

0.27 ± 0.01

0.17 ± 0.02

0.16 ± 0.02

0.24 ± 0.01

0.29 ± 0.01

n.d

 C14:1

Myristoleic acid

n.d

n.d

n.d

n.d

n.d

0.14 ± 0.02

 C15:0

Pentadecanoic acid

0.20 ± 0.01

0.18 ± 0.01

0.2 ± 0.02

0.23 ± 0.01

0.26 ± 0.01

0.22 ± 0.02

 C16:0

Palmitic acid

32.53 ± 0.73

22.61 ± 0.39

20.23 ± 0.28

21.96 ± 0.11

23.68 ± 0.97

24.53 ± 0.46

 C16:1 (n-7)

Palmitoleic acid

n.d

n.d

0.19 ± 0.01

0.18 ± 0.02

0.24 ± 0.01

0.27 ± 0.02

 C17:0

Heptadecanoic acid

0.18 ± 0.01

0.16 ± 0.01

0.18 ± 0.01

0.20 ± 0.02

0.25 ± 0.01

0.23 ± 0.01

 C17:1 (n-7)

Cis-10-Heptadecanoic acid

n.d

n.d

n.d

n.d

n.d

0.06 ± 0.02

 C18:0

Stearic acid

15.31 ± 0.91

5.37 ± 1.62

3.41 ± 0.61

4.15 ± 0.55

4.44 ± 0.60

6.55 ± 2.48

 C18:1 (n-9)

Oleic acid

2.14 ± 0.72

1.47 ± 0.07

1.41 ± 0.05

1.34 ± 0.10

1.65 ± 0.13

2.65 ± 0.97

 C18:2 (n-6)

Linoleic acid

26.88 ± 2.46

30.66 ± 2.02

30.82 ± 0.44

30.38 ± 2.00

30.66 ± 0.30

38.84 ± 2.31

 C18:3 (n-6)

gamma-Linolenic acid

20.73 ± 1.16

4.58 ± 0.19

4.72 ± 0.21

3.80 ± 0.01

3.16 ± 0.31

2.16 ± 0.43

 C18:3 (n-3)

alpha-Linolenic acid [ALA]

n.d

31.54 ± 0.48

35.07 ± 0.69

34.02 ± 1.03

31.57 ± 1.97

20.49 ± 2.11

 C20:0

Arachidic acid

0.67 ± 0.04

0.76 ± 0.03

0.71 ± 0.01

0.74 ± 0.06

0.70 ± 0.06

0.52 ± 0.01

 C20:1 (n-9)

Cis-11-Eicosenoic acid

0.17 ± 0.01

0.50 ± 0.06

0.23 ± 0.04

0.21 ± 0.01

0.19 ± 0.01

0.04 ± 0.01

 C20:2

Cis-11,14-Eicosadienoic acid

0.11 ± 0.02

0.51 ± 0.03

0.28 ± 0.03

0.30 ± 0.01

0.25 ± 0.04

0.10 ± 0.01

 C20:3 (n-6)

Cis-8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic acid

n.d

n.d

0.74 ± 0.42

0.47 ± 0.22

0.29 ± 0.37

1.61 ± 1.01

 C20:3 (n-3)

Cis-11,14,17-Eicosadienoic acid

0.26 ± 0.16

0.63 ± 0.06

0.87 ± 0.01

0.87 ± 0.01

0.85 ± 0.12

n.d

 C21:0

Heneicosanoic acid

n.d

n.d

n.d

0.05 ± 0.01

0.04 ± 0.02

0.05 ± 0.01

 C22:0

Behenic acid

0.33 ± 0.01

0.52 ± 0.05

0.43 ± 0.02

0.42 ± 0.05

0.38 ± 0.05

0.27 ± 0.02

 C23:0

Tricosanoic acid

n.d

n.d

n.d

0.10 ± 0.01

n.d

0.07 ± 0.01

 C24:0

Lignoceric acid

0.23 ± 0.01

0.35 ± 0.06

0.32 ± 0.02

0.34 ± 0.03

0.31 ± 0.05

0.18 ± 0.02

  1. Value(%) in mean ± SE; SFA: saturated fatty acids; MUFA: mono unsaturated fatty acids; PUFA: poly unsaturated fatty acids; UI: unsaturation index; DU: degree of unsaturation; AI: Atherogenic index; TI: Thrombogenic index nd: not detected; All experiments were carried out three times, each with three biological replicates