Fig. 1

Flowers of OSR plants exposed to sublethal doses of different herbicides. Completely sterile flowers caused by application of 750 mg/ha imazethapyr (a), 120 mg/ha chlorsulfuron (b), and 500 mg/ha triflusulfuron-methyl (c). Too high of doses of nicosulfuron (400 mg/ha) caused serious injury (left), but the 100 mg/ha treatment (right) resulted only in male sterility (d). The application of 6000 mg/ha bispyribac-sodium (e), 600 mg/ha flumetsulam (f), and 270 mg/ha ethoxysulfuron (g) did not cause male sterility in the anthers of the flower buds at different developmental stages. Comparison of the anther and filament size of the fertile (upper) and sterile (lower) flowers, where the male sterility was caused by chlorsulfuron (h)