Fig. 2

Expression patterns of transcription factors in response to Ganoderma boninense infection at different time points. The expression patterns of each gene were normalized by the three most stable reference genes; EgGAPDH2, EgNADH5 and Egß-actin expression levels. Real-time PCR was carried out on control (C), mock-treated (MT) and Ganoderma-treated (GT) oil palm root samples at 3, 7 and 11 days post-inoculation (d.p.i). The data included three biological replicates of root samples of oil palm seedlings. Error bars represent the mean ± SEM of three technical replicates of each sample. The statistical analyses were performed by comparing expression levels of different treatments at all time points to control using one-way ANOVA analysis followed by Tukey’s test for comparison between treatments. Significantly different expression level as compared to control are measured according to **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 and ****P < 0.0001. ns is defined as not significant