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Fig. 4 | BMC Plant Biology

Fig. 4

From: Chitosan regulates metabolic balance, polyamine accumulation, and Na+ transport contributing to salt tolerance in creeping bentgrass

Fig. 4

Changes in (a) root vitality, (b) electrolyte leakage (EL), (c) osmotic potential (OP), and (d) malondialdehyde (MDA) content in roots of creeping bentgrass affected by the application of chitosan (CTS) under normal and salt stress conditions at 24 d. Bars represent standard errors. Same letters above columns indicate no significant difference (n = 4, and p ≤ 0.05). C, control; C + CTS, control pretreated with CTS; S, salt stress; S + CTS, salt-stressed plants pretreated with CTS

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