Fig. 5From: Transcriptomic and functional analyses reveal an antiviral role of autophagy during pepper mild mottle virus infectionSilencing of five key ATGs expressions in N. benthamiana plants through VIGS vectors enhances PMMoV infection. a Disease symptoms on the PMMoV-inoculated, NbATG3-, NbATG5-, NbBeclin1-, NbATG7- or NbATG8a-silenced N. benthamiana plants. The PMMoV-inoculated TRV-GFP-infiltrated N. benthamiana plants were used as controls. b Close-up views of upper leaves indicated by white dash boxes in (a). c Percentages of PMMoV infection in various ATG-silenced plants or in the TRV-GFP-inoculated plants at various days post PMMoV inoculation. Values presented are the means ± SD from three independent experiments. d Relative accumulation of PMMoV RNA in various silenced and non-silenced plants at 7 days post PMMoV inoculation. Values presented are the means ± SD from three biological replicates. Asterisks indicate statistical difference between treatments, determined by the Student’s t-test (*p < 0.05, **p < 0.01)Back to article page