Fig. 3

Effects of exogenous application of methyl jasmonate (MeJA, 100 μM) or ethephon (Eth, 500 μM) on invasion and development of Heterodera schachtii in susceptible sugar beet plants (line 7112*SB36). a infection rate at 4 days after inoculation (invasion) and b number of females at 21 days after inoculation (development). Chemicals were applied 24 h before nematode inoculation. Bars represent means + SE of 10 plants. Different letters indicate statistically significant differences (P < 0.05). The experiment was independently repeated three times, with similar results, except for the female number at 21 dai upon Eth treatment, which was not significantly affected in one of the repeats