Fig. 5

Functional annotation of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and the lignin biosynthetic simplified pathway. a Expression profiles and annotations of DEGs. The log₂ [fold change (FC)] value is represented by color depths, with red for upregulation and green for downregulation. b Lignin biosynthetic pathway. The enzymes marked in red correspond to five DEGs in this pathway. c Lignin content of cherry rootstock ‘CDR-1’ (Prunus mahaleb) at 0 dpi, 5 dpi, 10 dpi, 15 dpi and 20 dpi after the Agrobacterium tumefaciens infection treatment. Bars are the mean ± SD (n = 3). Significant treatment effects are indicated with asterisks (* P < 0.05, ** P < 0.01)