Table 1 List of enzymes detected in the different parts/zones of N. khasiana leaf with their corresponding transcript IDs, BLAST results and transcript abundance (FPKM) in the different parts/zones of the N. khasiana leaf. These enzymes were earlier detected/ isolated from Nepenthes pitcher fluids and known to play a role in prey digestion and protection against pathogen attack. A complete and more detailed list of all the enzymes detected in the N. khasiana leaf can be found in Additional file 2: Table S4
Sl. No. | Enzyme | Transcript ID | BLAST | Transcript abundance (FPKM)a | P value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Leaf base | Tendril | Digestive zone | Waxy zone | Lid | |||||
1 | Acid phosphatase | DN46307_c0_g2_i1 | PREDICTED: probable purple acid phosphatase 20 [Gossypium hirsutum] | 0.31 ± 0.04 | 0.80 ± 0.05 | 25.32 ± 13.57 | 0.40 ± 0.17 | 0.20 ± 0.16 | 0.0302 |
DN46369_c0_g1_i1 | PREDICTED: probable purple acid phosphatase 20 [Eucalyptus grandis] | 2.16 ± 1.44 | 1.37 ± 0.16 | 20.44 ± 0.19 | 0.74 ± 0.15 | 0.22 ± 0.08 | 0.0001 | ||
DN46369_c0_g1_i4 | PREDICTED: probable purple acid phosphatase 20 [Eucalyptus grandis] | 2.42 ± 0.70 | 1.53 ± 0.24 | 23.33 ± 4.14 | 0.79 ± 0.31 | 0.12 ± 0.04 | 0.0002 | ||
2 | Aspartic proteinase | DN32357_c0_g1_i1 | RecName: Full = Aspartic proteinase nepenthesin-1; AltName: Full = Nepenthesin-I; Flags: Precursor | 0.10 ± 0.08 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 227.32 ± 188.36 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.02 ± 0.03 | 0.1359 |
DN46672_c0_g1_i1 | Nepenthesin-2-like protein [Nepenthes mirabilis] | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.02 ± 0.02 | 29.68 ± 18.62 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.0521 | ||
DN48653_c0_g1_i1 | Aspartic protease [Nepenthes alata] | 0.12 ± 0.05 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 93.48 ± 69.04 | 4.38 ± 0.78 | 0.83 ± 0.75 | 0.0977 | ||
DN96960_c0_g1_i1 | Nepenthesin II [Nepenthes ovata] | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 387.83 ± 150.84 | 0.07 ± 0.10 | 0.13 ± 0.19 | 0.0072 | ||
3 | Chitinase | DN167792_c0_g1_i1 | Class IV chitinase [Nepenthes alata] | 0.33 ± 0.25 | 0.09 ± 0.03 | 569.95 ± 244.98 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.0112 |
DN168202_c0_g1_i1 | Basic endochitinase A [Ananas comosus] | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 21.45 ± 23.10 | 2.94 ± 1.74 | 0.46 ± 0.49 | 0.3042 | ||
DN43389_c0_g2_i1 | Class IV chitinase [Nepenthes alata] | 0.08 ± 0.12 | 0.02 ± 0.03 | 426.64 ± 203.61 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.0175 | ||
DN43389_c0_g2_i2 | Class IV chitinase [Nepenthes alata] | 0.19 ± 0.26 | 0.02 ± 0.03 | 795.95 ± 318.67 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.03 ± 0.04 | 0.0082 | ||
DN61615_c0_g1_i1 | Acidic endochitinase [Nepenthes singalana] | 129.27 ± 72.25 | 43.13 ± 9.23 | 1472.88 ± 71.20 | 41.40 ± 13.71 | 42.40 ± 2.44 | 0.0001 | ||
DN61615_c0_g1_i2 | Acidic endochitinase [Nepenthes singalana] | 97.15 ± 117.68 | 29.70 ± 28.23 | 878.25 ± 912.14 | 29.37 ± 30.72 | 24.26 ± 23.22 | 0.2960 | ||
4 | C-terminal peptidase | DN61492_c2_g1_i14 | C-terminal peptidase [Nepenthes alata] | 5.21 ± 1.74 | 4.03 ± 5.33 | 92.21 ± 15.31 | 0.23 ± 0.28 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.0002 |
DN61492_c2_g1_i9 | C-terminal peptidase [Nepenthes alata] | 10.72 ± 0.67 | 0.77 ± 0.01 | 156.87 ± 121.48 | 0.19 ± 0.27 | 0.04 ± 0.06 | 0.1155 | ||
DN61492_c2_g2_i1 | C-terminal peptidase [Nepenthes alata] | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.02 ± 0.02 | 147.31 ± 2.44 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.0001 | ||
DN61492_c2_g2_i2 | C-terminal peptidase [Nepenthes alata] | 0.02 ± 0.03 | 0.03 ± 0.01 | 237.00 ± 124.39 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.0259 | ||
DN61492_c2_g1_i2 | C-terminal peptidase [Nepenthes alata] | 12.10 ± 8.00 | 4.19 ± 5.09 | 66.36 ± 21.25 | 0.24 ± 0.26 | 0.01 ± 0.02 | 0.0056 | ||
5 | Defensin | DN3077_c0_g2_i1 | PREDICTED: defensin Ec-AMP-D1-like [Ziziphus jujuba] | 0.06 ± 0.09 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 116.53 ± 8.96 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.0001 |
6 | Esterase/lipase | DN43304_c0_g1_i1 | GDSL esterase/lipase 7-like | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 7.12 ± 6.45 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.1777 |
DN43304_c0_g2_i1 | GDSL esterase/lipase 7-like | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 9.43 ± 9.72 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.2517 | ||
7 | Glucanase | DN60686_c0_g1_i1 | Glucanase [Nepenthes khasiana] | 1.50 ± 2.13 | 28.92 ± 38.04 | 218.24 ± 254.42 | 2.80 ± 3.53 | 1.64 ± 2.16 | 0.3692 |
DN24941_c0_g1_i3 | Beta-1,3-glucanase [Nepenthes alata] | 0.68 ± 0.96 | 46.74 ± 66.10 | 15.36 ± 21.72 | 0.38 ± 0.54 | 0.36 ± 0.51 | 0.5577 | ||
8 | Lipid transfer protein | DN14283_c0_g1_i1 | Lipid transfer protein 1b, partial [Ipomoea batatas] | 0.57 ± 0.08 | 0.18 ± 0.03 | 498.38 ± 55.17 | 0.10 ± 0.15 | 0.10 ± 0.14 | 0.0001 |
9 | Peroxidase | DN61358_c1_g2_i4 | Putative peroxidase [Nepenthes alata] | 5.13 ± 1.74 | 21.76 ± 13.13 | 5.27 ± 0.21 | 0.71 ± 0.40 | 1.44 ± 0.89 | 0.0744 |
DN42192_c0_g1_i1 | Putative peroxidase 27 [Nepenthes mirabilis] | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 19.64 ± 20.31 | 0.09 ± 0.13 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.2547 | ||
DN42192_c0_g1_i2 | Putative peroxidase 27 [Nepenthes mirabilis] | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 87.53 ± 71.76 | 0.09 ± 0.13 | 0.13 ± 0.19 | 0.1317 | ||
10 | Polyketide synthase | DN62323_c0_g1_i1 | Type III polyketide synthase [Drosophyllum lusitanicum] | 12.30 ± 12.19 | 11.93 ± 1.17 | 51.86 ± 3.84 | 1.47 ± 0.16 | 1.47 ± 1.04 | 0.0015 |
DN62323_c0_g2_i1 | Type III polyketide synthase [Drosophyllum lusitanicum] | 15.71 ± 7.35 | 22.25 ± 13.43 | 98.14 ± 61.61 | 2.30 ± 1.33 | 2.71 ± 0.71 | 0.0814 | ||
DN62323_c1_g1_i1 | Type III polyketide synthase [Drosophyllum lusitanicum] | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.44 ± 0.08 | 8.02 ± 1.50 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.0002 | ||
DN62323_c2_g2_i1 | Type III polyketide synthase [Drosophyllum lusitanicum] | 2.06 ± 0.41 | 7.79 ± 4.81 | 36.59 ± 13.35 | 1.36 ± 0.07 | 0.43 ± 0.02 | 0.0095 | ||
DN62323_c2_g2_i2 | Type III polyketide synthase [Drosophyllum lusitanicum] | 1.36 ± 1.40 | 4.61 ± 0.32 | 23.77 ± 4.78 | 0.95 ± 0.51 | 0.56 ± 0.16 | 0.0006 | ||
DN62323_c2_g2_i6 | Type III polyketide synthase [Drosophyllum lusitanicum] | 12.95 ± 11.27 | 14.24 ± 2.11 | 56.92 ± 3.31 | 1.69 ± 0.46 | 1.62 ± 0.83 | 0.0007 | ||
DN62323_c2_g2_i7 | Type III polyketide synthase [Drosophyllum lusitanicum] | 17.67 ± 4.59 | 28.56 ± 22.35 | 124.77 ± 99.27 | 2.81 ± 2.05 | 3.21 ± 1.42 | 0.1695 | ||
11 | Phosphatase | DN6769_c0_g2_i1 | Putative nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase [Nepenthes mirabilis] | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 21.94 ± 18.02 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.1322 |
12 | Ribonuclease | DN31936_c0_g1_i1 | S-like ribonuclease [Nepenthes bicalcarata] | 0.08 ± 0.11 | 0.29 ± 0.07 | 241.43 ± 183.27 | 0.13 ± 0.13 | 0.07 ± 0.10 | 0.1026 |
DN31936_c0_g1_i2 | S-like ribonuclease [Nepenthes bicalcarata] | 0.15 ± 0.21 | 0.27 ± 0.09 | 340.78 ± 42.77 | 0.13 ± 0.13 | 0.09 ± 0.07 | 0.0001 | ||
13 | Serine Carboxypeptidase | DN40795_c0_g2_i1 | Putative serine carboxypeptidase type 3 [Nepenthes mirabilis] | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.01 ± 0.02 | 89.08 ± 30.19 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.0039 |
DN40795_c0_g2_i2 | Putative serine carboxypeptidase type 3 [Nepenthes mirabilis] | 0.02 ± 0.02 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 65.12 ± 26.85 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.00 ± 0.00 | 0.0093 | ||
DN55176_c1_g1_i1 | Serine carboxypeptidase II-3-like [Sesamum indicum] | 0.09 ± 0.08 | 0.47 ± 0.03 | 28.15 ± 22.32 | 0.06 ± 0.03 | 0.06 ± 0.09 | 0.1203 | ||
14 | Thaumatin-like protein | DN58459_c0_g2_i6 | Pathogenesis-related protein [Tamarix hispida] | 73.28 ± 41.43 | 55.69 ± 0.40 | 290.93 ± 160.73 | 14.97 ± 1.84 | 17.07 ± 6.08 | 0.0583 |
DN60173_c0_g2_i12 | Thaumatin-like protein [Nepenthes × henryana] | 60.85 ± 6.96 | 55.96 ± 27.68 | 1925.58 ± 1622.94 | 734.79 ± 774.33 | 15.30 ± 18.35 | 0.2207 | ||
DN60173_c0_g2_i2 | Thaumatin-like protein [Nepenthes × henryana] | 81.35 ± 49.79 | 160.64 ± 189.76 | 248.98 ± 337.33 | 113.83 ± 150.01 | 5.77 ± 1.11 | 0.7580 | ||