Fig. 3

PpATG3 affects the cell development in P. patens. a and b Leafy gametophore cells were observed by light microscopy. The scale bar = 0.3 mm. c and d Detection of autophagosome in the gametophore cells of WT and Ppatg3 knockout plants by TEM. The 28-day-old plants after treatment for 1 h of 100 mM NaCl were used for analysis. The black arrows were indicated the formation of autophagosomes in WT and the red arrows were indicated the bulk cytosolic components accumulated in Ppatg3 mutants due to autophagy defect. e and f PpATG3 dysfunction causes the accumulation of chloroplast plastoglobuli. The 28-day-old plants at normal growth conditions were used for analysis. CP, chloroplast; PGs, plastoglobuli; T, thylakoid; CR, chloroplast ribosome; MT, mitochondrion; CW, cell wall