Fig. 1

Effects of high-temperature stress (HTS) on morphology and physiology of two-week-old maca seedlings. a Phenotype of two-week-old maca seedlings under 42 °C for 0, 3, 6,12 or 24 h. Two-week-old maca seedlings grown at 25 °C for designated time points were used as controls. Bars, 1 cm. b–e Impact of HTS on (b) chlorophyll content, c malondialdehyde content, d soluble sucrose content, and (e) total antioxidant capacity in the leaves of maca seedlings. Two-week-old maca seedlings grown at 25 °C for designated time points were used as controls. Results are presented as means ± SD of three biological replicates and three technical replicates (n = 9). Different letters represent significant Student’s t-test differences at P < 0.05