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Table 2 Genes present in Avena plastomes

From: Comparative chloroplast genome analyses of Avena: insights into evolutionary dynamics and phylogeny

Category of genes

Group of genes (gene number)

Gene name

Self replication

Ribosomal RNAs (8)

rRNA16c, rRNA23c, rRNA4.5c, rRNA5c

Transfer RNAs (39)

trnA-UGCa,c, trnC-GCA, trnD-GUC, trnE-UUC, trnF-GAA, trnfM-CAUe, trnG-GCC, trnG-UCCa, trnH-GUGc, trnI-CAUc, trnI-GAUa,c, trnK-UUUa, trnL-CAAc, trnL-UAAa, trnL-UAG, trnM-CAU, trnN-GUUc, trnP-UGG, trnQ-UUG, trnR-ACGc, trnR-UCU, trnS-GCU, trnS-GGA, trnS-UGA, trnT-GGU, trnT-UGU, trnV-GACc, trnV-UACa, trnW-CCA, trnY-GUA

Ribosomal protein (small subunit) (16)

rps2, rps3, rps4, rps7c, rps8, rps11, rps12a,d, rps14, rps15c, rps16a, rps18, rps19c

Ribosomal protein (large subunit) (11)

rpl2a,c, rpl14, rpl16a, rpl20, rpl22, rpl23c, rpl32, rpl33, rpl36

DNA dependent RNA polymerase (4)

rpoA, rpoB, rpoC1, rpoC2

Translation-related gene (1)

infA

Genes for photosynthesis

Subunits of photosystem I (5)

psaA, psaB, psaC, psaI, psaJ

Subunits of photosystem II (15)

psbA, psbB, psbC, psbD, psbE, psbF, psbH, psbI, psbJ, psbK, psbL, psbM, psbN, psbT, psbZ

Subunits of cytochrome b/f complex (6)

petA, petBa, petDa, petG, petL, petN

Subunits of ATP synthase (6)

atpA, atpB, atpE, atpFa, atpH, atpI

Subunits of NADH dehydrogenase (13)

ndhAa, ndhBa,c, ndhC, ndhD, ndhE, ndhF, ndhG, ndhHc, ndhI, ndhJ, ndhK

ATP-dependent protease subunit (1)

clpP

Rubisco large subunit (1)

rbcL

Other genes

Maturase (1)

matK

Envelop membrane protein (1)

cemA

c-type cytochrome biogenesis (1)

ccsA

Genes of unknown function

Conserved open reading frames (2)

ycf3b, ycf4

  1. a Gene containing a single intron;
  2. b Gene containing two introns;
  3. c Two gene copies in the IRs;
  4. d Gene divided into two independent transcription units;
  5. e Duplicated gene in LSC region