Fig. 3
Effects of wind-driven falling down on AR formation. Three-week-old plants grown in soil were further grown for 10 days under various experimental conditions. Three independent experiments, each consisting of 16 plants, were statistically analyzed (t-test, *P < 0.01). Error bars indicate SE. White arrows indicate ARs. a Induction of AR formation by wind-induced lodging. Plants were exposed to wind flow with or without supporting wires, which protect plants from falling down. Following wind treatments, representative plants were photographed (left photographs), and AR emergence was statistically analyzed (right graph). b Effects of mechanical and gravity stimuli. Plants were artificially fallen down using wires (fallen). Plants were also grown on a slope of 75o to impose gravity stimulation (rotated). Following treatments, representative plants were photographed (left photographs), and AR emergence was statistically analyzed (right graph). c Effects of a combined stimulation of falling down and gravity. Plants were artificially fallen down and then rotated by 75o to impose a combined stimulation. Representative plants were photographed (left photographs), and AR emergence was statistically analyzed (right graph)