Identification of candidate tolerance genes to low-temperature during maize germination by GWAS and RNA-seq approaches

Table 1 Descriptive statistics for germination traits under low-temperature and normal conditions

Trait	n	Mean	Median	Range	SD	Kurtosis	Skewness
RGR	222	0.737	0.788	0.027–1.000	0.220	1.462	−1.313
RGL	222	0.486	0.434	0.087–1.229	0.220	−0.170	0.671
RRL	222	0.704	0.719	0.100–1.838	0.285	1.388	0.496
RRSA	222	0.722	0.769	0.133–2.352	0.282	5.217	0.936
RRV	222	0.739	0.737	0.173–2.650	0.325	5.171	1.244
RGI	222	0.169	0.167	0.006–0.576	0.075	4.463	1.050
RVI	222	0.101	0.089	0.001–0.485	0.067	5.511	1.694
RSVI	222	0.360	0.341	0.002–0.917	0.186	0.012	0.466
XYRGR	222	0.403	0.421	0.014–0.753	0.172	−0.633	−0.316
XYRGL	222	0.544	0.538	0.338–0.897	0.797	1.344	0.431
XYRSVI	222	0.223	0.224	0.005–0.557	0.105	−0.153	0.084
KSRGR	222	0.510	0.538	0.084–0.857	0.175	−0.399	−0.371
KSRGL	222	0.500	0.496	0.212–0.851	0.111	0.056	0.062
KSRSVI	222	0.262	0.265	0.018–0.535	0.115	−0.419	0.113

The traits were evaluated for 222 inbred lines during germination tests under normal (25 °C) and low-temperature conditions (10 °C). Fourteen relative (R) traits were derived by dividing the directly measured trait values (GR, GL, RL, RSA, RV, GI, VI SVI, XYGR, XYGL, XYSVI, KSGR, KSGL and KSVI) under low-temperature conditions by their corresponding values under normal conditions

ISSN: 1471-2229