Fig. 5

Relationship analysis. a photosynthetic rate (μmol m^− 2 s^− 1) as a function of thylakoid membrane damage (F_o/F_m ratio; relative units), b seed set percentage as a function of photosynthetic rate (μmol m^− 2 s^− 1), c individual grain weight (mg seed^− 1) as a function of photosynthetic rate (μmol m^− 2 s^− 1), and d grain yield (g plant^− 1) as a function of photosynthetic rate (μmol m^− 2 s^− 1). Circle in gray and solid regression line indicates anthesis (experiment I) stage and circle in white and dotted regression line represent grain filling (experiment II) stage. *** indicates P ≤ 0.001