Fig. 1From: Determining optimal mulching, planting density, and nitrogen application to increase maize grain yield and nitrogen translocation efficiency in Northwest ChinaEffects of mulching (M), planting density (D), and nitrogen fertilizer application rates (N) on maize dry matter accumulation at silking in 2016 (a), 2017 (b), and 2018 (c). The bars represent the mean + one standard error of the mean (n = 4). Different letters denote significant differences between treatments (Tukey’s HSD post hoc tests, P < 0.05). Note: N0, 0 kg N ha−1; N120, 120 kg N ha−1; N240, 240 kg N ha−1; N360, 360 kg N ha−1Back to article page