Origin-dependence of variation in seed morphology, mineral composition and germination percentage in Gynandropsis gynandra (L.) Briq. accessions from Africa and Asia

Table 5 Description of clusters of Gynandropsis gynandra accessions based on the PCA results

Variables	Cluster 1	Cluster 2	Cluster 3	F value
Variables	N = 16	N = 5	N = 8	F value
Carbon (g/100g)	58.26 ± 1.07^b	56.95 ± 0.76^b	59.95 ± 1.93^a	0.001
Oxygen (g/100g)	38.30 ± 1.02^a	38.99 ± 0.76^a	36.91 ± 2.01^b	0.021
Magnesium (g/100g)	0.36 ± 0.07^a	0.28 ± 0.08^b	0.20 ± 0.05^c	p < 0.001
Aluminium (g/100g)	0.16 ± 0.15	0.19 ± 0.16	0.29 ± 0.23	0.211
Phosphorus (g/100g)	0.35 ± 0.10^a	0.2 ± 0.1^ab	0.22 ± 0.08^b	0.008
Sulphur (g/100g)	0.75 ± 0.15^a	0.74 ± 0.09^a	0.53 ± 0.17^b	0.006
Potassium (g/100g)	1.06 ± 0.47^b	1.78 ± 0.67^a	0.59 ± 0.68^b	0.004
Calcium (g/100g)	0.76 ± 0.24^b	0.82 ± 0.27^b	1.30 ± 0.33^a	p < 0.001
Seed area (mm²)	125.35 ± 16.88^c	193.57 ± 23.9^a	169.97 ± 19.7^b	p < 0.001
Seed perimeter (mm)	4.44 ± 0.33^b	5.61 ± 0.44^a	5.36 ± 0.37^a	p < 0.001
Seed width (mm)	1.18 ± 0.11^b	1.50 ± 0.15^a	1.38 ± 0.07^a	p < 0.001
Seed length (mm)	1.33 ± 0.08^c	1.61 ± 0.09^a	1.54 ± 0.12^b	p < 0.001
10-seed weight (mg)	8.16 ± 1.78^b	13.33 ± 1.13^a	13.17 ± 2.3^a	p < 0.001
Mean germination time (day)	4.33 ± 0.2	4.43 ± 0.27	4.26 ± 0.14	0.316
Percentage of germination (%)	73.78 ± 27.93	53.68 ± 29.28	57.49 ± 28.27	0.254

Values in bold indicate the cluster in which each variable was high. N = number of accessions. Letters a, b, and c indicate post-hoc comparisons among clusters.

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