Fig. 5

FSD3S tends to be localized to the chloroplast membrane. a Visualization of subcellular localization of FSD3S and FSD3SΔTM proteins lacking the transmembrane helix domain in the guard cells of 35S::FSD3S-GFP and 35S::FSD3SΔTM-GFP plants. Green and red fluorescence correspond to GFP signals and auto-fluorescence of chlorophyll in chloroplasts, respectively. Bright indicates bright-field images. b A schematic of a series of optical sections (Z-stack) of chloroplasts using a confocal microscope. Dotted lines indicate longitudinal positions where confocal optical cross-sectioning was performed. c A series of z-stack images showing the fluorescent signals of FSD3S-GFP (top) and FSD3SΔTM-GFP (bottom) inside chloroplasts. Scale bars = 20 μm in (a) and 1 μm in (b)