Fig. 6

Mutant alleles of NAM-A1 show reduced cell death response. Heterologous expression of the mutant NAM-A1 alleles in N. benthamiana shows a significant reduction in cell death response for both chlorosis (a) and cellular breakdown (b) compared to the wild-type allele. Cell death for chlorosis and necrosis are scored on a scale derived from Maqbool et al. [34], whereby 0 is no chlorosis or necrosis and 6 is a high level of chlorosis or necrosis. The heatmap depicts the proportion of replications that were assigned a particular score, where the darker blue colour indicates a higher density of replications. Note that all scores greater than or equal to four were assigned into the same group (“4+”) due to low incidence of scores greater than four; n varies from 20 to 35. All control alleles (purple) do not differ significantly from the wild-type. The corresponding TILLING line is shown below the TILLING/alanine mutant pairs. A typical image of a patch-infiltrated leaf is shown for both chlorosis scoring (top, adaxial) and UV-scoring (bottom, abaxial); number labels correspond to those beneath the heatmap; M is mock treated. The UV image (bottom) has been flipped horizontally to allow comparison with the white-light image. Statistical comparisons shown are between the mutant allele and wild-type NAM-A1 based on a linear model fit to the Poisson distribution. *, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001