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Table 2 Relative genetic gain, coefficient of determination (R2), intercept (a) and regression coefficients (b) of grain yield and other agronomic traits of testcrosses involving early-maturing yellow S1 families derived from four cycles of selection and tester TZEI 23, evaluated under drought, Striga-infested and optimal environments in Nigeria, 2014 to 2017

From: Yield gains and associated changes in an early yellow bi-parental maize population following genomic selection for Striga resistance and drought tolerance

Traits

Drought environments

Striga-infested environments

Optimal environments

Relative gain (% per cycle)

R2

a

b

Relative gain (% per cycle)

R2

a

b

Relative gain (% per cycle)

R2

a

b

Grain yield (kg ha−1)

0.22

0.0027

2332

5.1

16.9

0.82

2950

498c

12.63

0.85

4132

522c

Days to anthesis

0.83

0.9

51.5

0.43c

0.47

0.57

53.5

0.25

0.44

0.62

50

0.22

Days to silking

1.58

0.85

53

0.84c

0.85

0.64

53.9

0.46

0.71

0.52

50.7

0.36

Anthesis silking interval (days)

24.36

0.74

1.56

0.38b

6.59

0.24

0.91

0.06

11.53

0.27

0.85

0.098

Plant height (cm)

4.88

0.66

124.5

6.07

8.05

0.71

114.3

9.2b

6.45

0.77

121

7.81b

Ear height (cm)

5.97

0.7

72.2

4.31b

8.86

0.74

54.6

4.84b

7.52

0.74

63

4.74b

Root lodging (%)

−21.82

0.34

0.55

−0.12

−22.14

0.87

11.7

−2.59c

20

0.53

0.15

0.03

Stalk lodging (%)

0.70

0.024

4.7

0.033

−6.22

0.39

22.2

−1.38

8.84

0.18

4.75

0.42

Husk coverd

0.44

0.034

3.87

0.017

−3.14

0.84

3.82

−0.12b

−2.41

0.74

2.91

−0.07b

Plant aspecte

−0.25

0.0099

4.75

−0.012

a

a

a

a

− 2.59

0.65

3.09

− 0.08

Ear aspectf

0.25

0.0037

4.47

0.011

−4.50

0.79

5.56

−0.25b

−2.43

0.51

3.71

−0.10

Ears rot (%)

−4.92

0.21

1.22

−0.06

−9.36

0.45

1.71

−0.16

−7.86

0.87

2.29

−0.19c

Ears/plant

−2.74

0.43

0.84

−0.023

0.30

0.09

0.99

0.003

0.21

0.007

0.97

0.002

Stay green characteristicg

3.87

0.15

3.88

0.15

a

a

a

a

a

a

a

a

Striga damage (8 WAPh)

a

a

a

a

− 3.64

0.85

4.4

− 0.16c

a

a

a

a

Striga damage (10 WAP)

a

a

a

a

− 3.02

0.88

4.63

−0.14c

a

a

a

a

Emerged Striga plants (8 WAP)

a

a

a

a

12.37

0.3

5.9

0.73

a

a

a

a

Emerged Striga plants (10 WAP)

a

a

a

a

21.55

0.99

5.29

1.14

a

a

a

a

  1. a- Trait not measured under the research condition; b, c - Significant at 0.01 and 0.05 probability levels, respectively; dHusk cover scored on a scale of 1–9, where 1 = husks tightly arranged and extended beyond the ear tip and 9 = ear tips exposed.; ePlant aspect recorded on a scale of 1–9 based on plant type, where 1 = excellent and 9 = poor; fEar aspect rated on a scale of 1–9, where 1 = clean, uniform, large, and well-filled ears and 9 = ears with undesirable features; gStay green characteristic scored on a scale of 1–9, where 1 represented plants with almost all leaves green and 9 indicated plants with virtually all leaves dead; hWAP = weeks after planting