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Table 1 Mean squares of grain yield and other agronomic traits of testcrosses involving early-maturing yellow S1 families derived from four cycles of selection and tester TZEI 23, evaluated under drought, Striga-infested and optimal environments in Nigeria, 2014 to 2017

From: Yield gains and associated changes in an early yellow bi-parental maize population following genomic selection for Striga resistance and drought tolerance

Sources of variation

DF

Grain yield, (kg/ha)

Days to anthesis

Days to silk

Anthesis silking interval (days)

Plant height (cm)

Ear height (cm)

Root lodging (%)

Stalk lodging (%)

Husk coverd

Plant aspecte

Ear aspectf

Ear rot (%)

Ears/plant

Stay green characteristicg

Striga damage (8 WAPh)

Striga damage (10 WAP)

Emerged Striga Plants (8 WAP)

Emerged Striga Plants (8 WAP)

Drought environments

 ENV

2

1119245028c

15963c

13072c

161c

431323c

359854c

4.36c

246c

1344c

850c

914c

151c

15.442c

822c

a

a

a

a

 Rep (ENV)

3

6073666c

12.6c

88.0c

39.8c

5080c

4138c

0.18

3.40

13c

13c

12.90c

16.07c

0.683c

8.68c

a

a

a

a

 Block (ENVbRep)

24

907820c

3.4

9.5b

3.7b

694c

189b

0.15b

2.20

1.69c

1.06c

1.10c

1.66b

0.047c

1.89c

a

a

a

a

 Cycle

3

4823955c

105.2c

395.c1

88.0c

28457c

1303c5

1.31c

1.39

4.31c

7.58c

16.24c

7.19c

0.581c

72.67c

a

a

a

a

 Entry (Cycle)

196

661562c

3.9c

7.9c

2.5

337b

158c

0.11

2.15c

0.43c

0.49c

0.53

1.60c

0.023

0.91c

a

a

a

a

 ENVbCycle

6

4589223c

46.5c

141.1c

50.8c

4825c

2240c

1.31c

3.74b

4.81c

6.63c

5.88c

6.31c

0.231c

18.92c

a

a

a

a

 Entry (ENVbCycle)

392

436,451

2.1

5.5

2.6

232

110

0.11

1.52

0.32

0.37

0.45

1.21

0.018

0.73

a

a

a

a

 Error

1199

468,171

2.46

5.52

2.31

274

116

0.10

1.55

0.32

0.37

0.47

1.08

0.020

0.72

a

a

a

a

 R-Square

 

0.91

0.96

0.91

0.67

0.88

0.93

0.62

0.65

0.94

0.91

0.90

0.67

0.81

0.86

a

a

a

a

Striga-infested environments

 ENV

1

476242738c

1228c

1033c

0.41

42559c

23926c

92.7c

2207c

27c

a

8.61c

0.05

0.314b

a

231c

250c

9.77c

404b

 Rep (ENV)

2

11290008c

33.1c

23.1c

1.96c

1536c

433c

34.2c

28.2c

1.90c

a

1.28b

2.97

0.002

a

5.00c

0.64b

13.33c

6.61b

 Block (ENVbRep)

16

1,082,715

4.9b

6.1

0.52

309c

180c

3.2

3.6

0.18

a

0.32

1.67

0.010

a

0.42

0.36b

0.70

0.67

 Cycle

3

98106834c

35.6c

105.8c

3.80c

41356c

11045c

53.3c

14.1c

5.88c

a

26.06c

15.7c8

0.016

a

10.42c

7.15c

6.21c

9.41c

 Entry (Cycle)

196

833,396

3.7b

4.8b

0.36

189b

75

2.5

3.8c

0.22

a

0.42

1.24

0.023

a

0.46c

0.24

0.54

0.55

 ENVbCycle

3

2889838b

9.9b

32.1c

1.85c

914c

187

13.8c

1.2

0.47

a

5.41c

11.24c

0.012

a

0.62

0.56b

2.85c

1.37

 Entry (ENVbCycle)

196

766,811

2.5

3.0

0.33

102

48

2.4

2.7

0.23

a

0.35

1.13

0.021

a

0.28

0.23

0.49

0.49

Error

 

912,812

2.95

3.79

0.36

150

77

2.67

2.65

0.20

a

0.40

1.22

0.020

a

0.33

0.21

0.58

0.56

R-Square

 

0.77

0.71

0.69

0.55

0.81

0.75

0.58

0.78

0.65

a

0.63

0.56

0.55

a

0.77

0.82

0.56

0.76

Optimal environments

 ENV

2

107412892c

2278c

2439c

492c

146477c

14804c

3.35c

229c

3.21c

2.36c

223c

2878c

2.25c

a

a

a

a

a

 Rep (ENV)

3

24896666c

3.6

3.0

0.07

791c

557c

0.22

17.2c

0.27b

0.49c

18.61c

0.92

0.10c

a

a

a

a

a

 Block (ENVbRep)

24

1,321,405

2.2

2.8

0.85

176b

66

0.12

1.6

0.16b

0.11b

0.40c

1.31

0.05c

a

a

a

a

a

 Cycle

3

160011260c

40.9c

121.2c

23.46c

3954c9

14965c

0.04

12.5c

2.92c

4.41c

8.77c

18.30c

0.36c

a

a

a

a

a

 Entry (Cycle)

196

1518340c

3.1c

3.6c

0.96c

155c

97c

0.12

1.9b

0.09

0.10c

0.26b

1.78

0.03

a

a

a

a

a

 ENVbCycle

6

8455631c

4.1

11.3c

3.51c

189

299c

0.04

5.6c

0.35c

0.26c

2.32c

12.46c

0.37c

a

a

a

a

a

 Entry (ENVbCycle)

392

1,068,615

2.7c

3.1b

0.89c

89

58

0.12

2.2c

0.11

0.07

0.21

1.68

0.02

a

a

a

a

a

 Error

483

1,172,786

2.08

2.57

0.72

103

76

0.12

1.55

0.10

0.06

0.22

1.60

0.03

a

a

a

a

a

 R-Square

 

0.70

0.84

0.83

0.80

0.89

0.74

0.54

0.68

0.58

0.65

0.85

0.88

0.63

a

a

a

a

a

  1. a − Trait not measured under the research condition; b, c - Significant at 0.01 and 0.05 probability levels, respectively; dHusk cover scored on a scale of 1–9, where 1 = husks tightly arranged and extended beyond the ear tip and 9 = ear tips exposed.; ePlant aspect recorded on a scale of 1–9 based on plant type, where 1 = excellent and 9 = poor; fEar aspect rated on a scale of 1–9, where 1 = clean, uniform, large, and well-filled ears and 9 = ears with undesirable features; gStay green characteristic scored on a scale of 1–9, where 1 represented plants with almost all leaves green and 9 indicated plants with virtually all leaves dead; hWAP = weeks after planting