Fig. 4

Path analysis model diagram showing causal relationships of measured traits of early yellow testcrosses evaluated across optimal growing environments at Ikenne, Mokwa and Bagauda during the 2014 growing season. Bold values are residual effect; values in parenthesis are direct path coefficient and other values are correlation coefficients. R1 is the residual effects; ASI, anthesis–silking interval; DA, days to 50% anthesis; DS, days to 50% silking; EASP, ear aspect; EHT, ear height; EPP, ears per plant; EROT, ear rot; HC, husk cover; PASP, plant aspect; PLHT, plant height; RL, root lodging; SL, stalk lodging, and YIELD, grain yield