Fig. 2

Principal component analysis (PCA) biplot for 11 quality traits measured in 132 maize inbred lines. PCA based on BLUP (best linear unbiased prediction) values across growing seasons. Blue circles correspond to inbred lines selected entirely from Portuguese landraces. Quality traits: PR –percentage of protein; FI – percentage of fiber; FT – percentage of fat; STL – percentage of starch in lyophilized flour; SIZEL – mean particle size in lyophilized flour; PV – peak (maximum) viscosity; TV – trough (minimum) viscosity; FV – final viscosity; BD_SqRt – squared-root transformed values of the breakdown viscosity; SB1 – setback from trough viscosity; SB2 – setback from peak viscosity