Table 5 Proposed functional categorization of upregulated DEG unigenes at different time points compared to untreated control

[U1] Pathogenesis-related protein activity, [U2] defense against chitin-containing fungal pathogens

[U1] Pathogenesis-related protein activity, [U2] defense against chitin-containing fungal pathogens

[U1] Pathogenesis-related protein activity, [U2] defense against chitin-containing fungal pathogens

U3] Pattern recognition receptor activity and PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI) signalling

[U3] Pattern recognition receptor activity and PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI) signalling

[U3] Pattern recognition receptor activity and PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI) signalling

[U4] ROS production, [U5] scavenging activity

[U4] ROS production, [U5] scavenging activity

[U4] ROS production, [U5] scavenging activity

[U6] Signal transduction involve in growth, development, reproduction, and differentiation

[U6] Signal transduction involve in growth, development, reproduction, and differentiation

[U6] Signal transduction involve in growth, development, reproduction, and differentiation

Cell wall formation: [U7] Primary, [U8] Secondary

Cell wall formation: [U7] Primary, [U8] Secondary

Cell wall formation: [U7] Primary, [U8] Secondary

Cell wall modification: [U9] lignin degradation, [U10] loosening and extension, [U11] O-acetylation of cell wall polymers

Cell wall modification: [U9] lignin degradation, [U10] loosening and extension, [U11] O-acetylation of cell wall polymers

Cell wall modification: [U9] lignin degradation, [U10] loosening and extension, [U11] O-acetylation of cell wall polymers

Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites: [U12] flavonols, anthocyanidins, catechins and proanthocyanidins, [U13] ascorbate, [U14] anthocyanidins, [U15] brassinosteroid biosynthesis and signalling, [U17] flavonoid metabolism

Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites: [U12] flavonols, anthocyanidins, catechins and proanthocyanidins, [U13] ascorbate, [U14] anthocyanidins, [U16] brassinosteroid signalling, [U17] flavonoid metabolism

Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites: [U12] flavonols, anthocyanidins, catechins and proanthocyanidins, [U13] ascorbate, [U18] ubiquinone, other terpenoid-quinone, phenylpropanoids, [U15] brassinosteroid biosynthesis and signalling, [U17] flavonoid metabolism

[U19] Repression of early auxin response genes, [U20] auxin transport, [U21] regulation of auxin signalling

[U19] Repression of early auxin response genes, [U20] auxin transport, [U21] regulation of auxin signalling

[U19] Repression of early auxin response genes, [U20] auxin transport, [U21] regulation of auxin signalling

Binding protein and transport: [U22] heavy-metal, [U23] calcium, [U24] water, [U25] iron

Binding protein and transport: [U22] heavy-metal, [U23] calcium, [U24] water, [U25] iron

Binding protein and transport: [U22] heavy-metal, [U23] calcium, [U24] water, [U25] iron

[U26] Negative regulation in the proliferation of xylem vessels

[U26] Negative regulation in the proliferation of xylem vessels

[U26] Negative regulation in the proliferation of xylem vessels

[U27] Conversion of gibberellin and cytokinin from inactive form into bioactive form

[U27] Conversion of gibberellin and cytokinin from inactive form into bioactive form

[U28] Cytoskeleton organization: [U29] Kinesin, [U30] microtubule

[U28] Cytoskeleton organization: [U29] Kinesin, [U30] microtubule

[U28] Cytoskeleton organization: [U29] Kinesin, [U30] microtubule

[U31] Nitrogen assimilation, distribution and remobilization within the plant

U33] Adaptation to phosphate starvation

[U32] Biosynthesis of cuticular wax and suberin

[U33] Adaptation to phosphate starvation

U34] Cell cycle process

[U33] Adaptation to phosphate starvation

U34] Cell cycle process

[U35] Protection from oxidative damage

U34] Cell cycle process

[U35] Protection from oxidative damage

[U36] Fatty acid oxidation

[U36] Fatty acid oxidation

[U36] Fatty acid oxidation