Gene | Accession number of NCBI | Mutation region | Mutation pattern | Phenotype | Ployploid wheat | Reference | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
vrn-A1 | AY747600 | Promoter | A 222-bp foldback element insertion in the promoter region | Later heading | T. aestivum cultivar Triple Dirk C | [79] | |
Vrn-A1a | Vrn-A1a.1 | AY616458 | Promoter | A 222-bp foldback element insertion in the promoter region | Early heading | T. aestivum cultivar Triple Dirk C | [17] |
Vrn-A1a.3 | Early heading | ||||||
Vrn-A1a.2 | KR782255 | A 16-bp deletion and 4 single nucleotide deletions within the MITE insertion when compared to Vrn-A1a.1 | Early heading | Triticum compactum cultivar Tiroler Fruhe Binkel | [76] | ||
Vrn-A1b | Vrn-A1b | AY616461 | A 20-bp deletion at − 157 bp in promoter region | A 20-bp deletion at −157 bp | Early heading | T. aestivum cultivar Spring Marquis | [17] |
Vrn-A1b.1 | KM047646 | A-tract within the VRN-box: AAAAT | Early heading | Triticum turgidum strain PI 264954 | [76] | ||
Vrn-A1b.2 | KM047641 | A-tract within the VRN-box: AACCC | Early heading | Triticum dicoccoides strain PI 233288 | [76] | ||
Vrn-A1b.3 | KM047647 | A-tract within the VRN-box: AAACC | Early heading | Triticum turgidum subsp. dicoccon strain UA0300214 | [76] | ||
Vrn-A1b.4 | KM047651 | A-tract within the VRN-box: AAAAC | Early heading | Triticum dicoccoides strain PI 466941 | [76] | ||
Vrn-A1b.5 | KM047652 | A-tract within the VRN-box: AAACA | Early heading | Triticum turgidum subsp. dicoccon strain UA0300212 | [76] | ||
Vrn-A1b.6 | KT692944 | Takes along a “C- > G” transversion in the C-rich fragment than Vrn-A1b | Early heading | Triticum turgidum subsp. durum strain CItr 10,024 | [76] | ||
Vrn-A1c | AY747599 | Intron1 | Intron 1 deletion in the A genome copy | Early heading | T. aestivum cultivar IL369 | [79] | |
Vrn-A1d | AY616462 | Promoter | A 32-bp deletion, which included the complete HDD region and part of the CArG box. | Early heading | Triticum turgidum subsp. dicoccoides | [17] | |
Vrn-A1e | AY616463 | Promoter | A 54-bp deletion, which included the CArG box and HDD regions | Early heading | Triticum turgidum subsp. dicoccum ST27 | [17] | |
Vrn-A1f | DQ146421 | Promoter | An 8-bp deletion in the region between −128 and − 120, and a 50-bp deletion in the region between −112 and − 62 | Early heading | Triticum monococcum strain PI503874 | [29] | |
Vrn-A1h | GQ451745 | Promoter | A 20-bp deletion near the CArG box | Early heading | Triticum monococcum subsp. aegilopoides | [78] | |
Vrn-A1i | KM016790 | Promoter | Nucleotide substitution in promoter region | Weak effect on the vernalization response | Triticum turgidum strain PI 208912 | [76] | |
VRN-A1u | GQ451737 | Intron1 | A 1.4-kb deletion in intron1 | Later heading | Triticum urartu isolate Tu54 | [78] | |
vrn-B1 | AY747604 | Promoter | Later heading | T. aestivum cultivar Triple Dirk C | [79] | ||
Vrn-B1a | AY747603 | Intron1 | 6850-bp deletion at + 836 bp | Early heading | T. aestivum cultivar Triple Dirk B | [79] | |
Vrn-B1b | FJ766015 | Intron1 | 6850-bp deletion at + 836 bp and 37-bp deletion at + 7992 bp | \ | T. aestivum | [80] | |
Vrn-B1c | HQ593668 | Intron1 | The deletion of 0.8 kb coupled with the duplication of 0.4 kb in intron1 | Early heading | T. aestivum | [81] | |
Vrn-B1ins | HQ130482 | Intron1 | 817 bp deletion from 798 to 1614 bp, and 432 bp (from 798 to 1614 bp upstream) duplicated | Early heading | T. aestivum cultivar Saratovskaya29 | [82] | |
KR782252 | Promoter | A retrotransposon insertion in the promoter | Early heading | Triticum turgidum cultivar Zerdakia | [76] | ||
vrn-D1 | AY747606 | No. | No. | Later heading | T. aestivum cultivar Triple Dirk C | [79] | |
Vrn-D1a | AY747597 | Intron1 | A 4235-bp deletion in intron1 (625–4859 bp) | Later heading | T. aestivum cultivar Triple Dirk E | [79] | |
Vrn-D1b | JQ406528 | Intron1 | Deletion in intron 1 identical to Vrn-D1a allele and a single nucleotide mutation C to A at − 161 bp in CArG box in promoter region | Later heading | T. aestivum | [83] | |
Vrn-D1c | KP721800 | Promoter | An 174-bp fragment was inserted into the 5′-UTR at − 601 bp (relative to ATG) of the Vrn-D1 gene | Early maturity | T. aestivum | [85] | |
Vrn-D1s | KF800714 | Intron1 | An 844-bp insertion which is a novel transposable DNA element in intron1 | Triticum spelta strain PI 348700 | [84] | ||
vrn-B3 | DQ890162 | Promoter | A 5295-bp repetitive element insertion that is absent in the CS allele associated with late flowering | Later heading | T. aestivum cultivar Chinese Spring | [18] | |
Vrn-B3a | DQ890165 | Promoter | A 5295-bp repetitive element inserted 591 bp upstream from the start codon | Later heading | T. aestivum cultivar CS(Hope7B) | [18] | |
Vrn-B3b | JN627519 | Promoter | An exact 890-bp fragment was inserted into the 5’ UTR (untranslated region) at − 429 bp | Later heading | T. aestivum | [93] | |
Vrn-B3c | JQ082311 | Promoter | A 20-bp deletions at −3543 bp and a 4-bp deletion at − 3591 bp compared with Vrn-B3a | Later heading | T. aestivum cultivar Ji874–109 | [93] |