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Fig. 3 | BMC Plant Biology

Fig. 3

From: Proline synthesis in developing microspores is required for pollen development and fertility

Fig. 3

Analysis of pollen development and fertility in p35S:P5CS2 lines. a Proline accumulation in inflorescences from wildtype (Col-0), p5cs sesquimutants (p5cs) and p5cs sesquimutants homozygous for the p35S:P5CS2 construct (p35S:P5CS2). Plants were either watered normally or exposed to 100 mM NaCl, according to Material and Methods. Bars represent the mean ± SE of at least three samples from different plants. *** indicates significant differences from Col-0 wildtype (p < 0.001, by student’s T-test). b Percentages of aberrant pollen grains in flowers from plants treated in the same way as in (a). Bars represent the means of ±SE of 52 to 311 analyzed pollen grains from at least three independent plants. nd: not detected. c-h Bright-field microscopic pictures of pollen grains from wildtype (c, f), p5cs (d, g), and p35S:P5CS2 (e, h) lines either from normally watered plants (c, d, e) or from plants treated with NaCl (f, g, h). Arrowheads indicate small, aberrant pollen grains. Bars = 50 μm. i-n Stereomicroscopic images of opened, premature siliques. No aberrant seeds, indicative of lethality of p5cs2–1 homozygous embryos (compare with Fig. 6), are visible inside the siliques, neither under normal conditions (i-k) nor after NaCl treatment (l-m)

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