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Fig. 7 | BMC Plant Biology

Fig. 7

From: Comparative RNA-sequencing-based transcriptome profiling of buds from profusely flowering ‘Qinguan’ and weakly flowering ‘Nagafu no. 2’ apple varieties reveals novel insights into the regulatory mechanisms underlying floral induction

Fig. 7

Differential expression of genes centred around specialized metabolic pathways (carbohydrate, fatty acid, and lipid) in ‘Qinguan’ and ‘Nagafu No. 2’ buds. a Model of carbohydrate, fatty acid, and lipid metabolism and regulation in the two apple varieties as reconstructed from transcriptomic evidence. Expression trends are represented by arrows. b Expression profiles of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in carbohydrate, fatty acid, and lipid pathways according to RNA-sequencing and (c) quantitative real-time PCR. Abbreviations in (A) are as follows: G-1-P, glucose-1-phosphate; TP, triosephosphate; G-6-P, glucose-6-phosphate; S-6-P, sorbitol-6-phosphate; F-6-P, fructose-6-phosphate; S-6-P, sucrose-6-phosphate; UDPG, UDP-glucose; ADPG, ADP-glucose; PGM, phosphoglucomutase; SUS, sucrose synthase; HXK, hexokinase; PGI, phosphoglucose isomerase; FRK, fructokinase; UGP, UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase; AGP, ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase; SPS, sucrose phosphate synthase; SPP, sucrose phosphate phosphatase; AMY, α-amylase; BAM, β-amylase; A/N-INV, alkaline/neutral invertase; TPS, trehalose-6-phosphate synthase; T6P, trehalose-6-phosphate; SBE, starch branching enzymes; SS, starch synthase; TPP, trehalose-6-phosphatase; TRE, trehalase; SP, starch phosphorylase; DAG, diacylglycerol; DHAP, dihydroxyacetone phosphate; Gly3P, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate; G3P, glycerol-3-phosphate; GL, galactoglycerolipids; Lyso-PA, lyso-phosphatidic acid; Lyso-PL, lyso-phospholipids; PA, phosphatidic acid; PE, phosphatidyl-ethanolamine; PG, phosphatidylglycerol; PI, phosphatidylinositol; PL, phospholipids; TAG, triacylglycerol. Chloroplast and endoplasmic reticulum glycerolipid pathways are indicated by the transfer of fatty acids from acyl-ACP and acyl-CoA, respectively. Key metabolism genes are indicated by red italics: DGAT, DAG acyltransferase; GK, glycerol kinase; GPAT, G3P acyltransferase; GPD, G3P dehydrogenase; GPP, G3P phosphatase; LPAAT, lyso-PA acyltransferase; PAP, PA phosphatase; PDAT, phospholipid:DAG acyltransferase. In (B), the early, middle, and late stages of flower bud differentiation are respectively denoted as FE, FM, and FL (‘Nagafu No. 2’) and QE, QM, and QL (‘Qinguan’). Data are presented as the mean ± standard error, n = 3. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ns, non-significant (p > 0.05)

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