Fig. 3

Network properties. The index scores representing the architecture of plant fungus networks/partial networks are shown across the eight forests examined. a The number of fungal OTUs. The code numbers of forest sites correspond to those shown in Fig. 1. b The ratio of the number of fungal OTUs to that of the plant species/taxa involved in each network/partial network. c Connectance (the proportion of non-zero entries in a species-level matrix). d Network-level interaction specificity (relative H₂’). e Nestedness (relative weighted NODF nestedness). f Host range differentiation (relative checkerboard score). For relative interaction specificity, relative nestedness, and relative checkerboard score (d-f), scores higher/lower than 2 roughly indicate that observed network index values are higher/lower than expected by chance (see Additional file 7: Data S7 for detailed results of the randomization test)