Table 1 Retention time (Rt), wavelengths of maximum absorption in the visible region (λmax), mass spectral data, tentative identification of phenolic compounds and quantification (μgg−1 FW) in Amaranthus tricolor leaves
Phenolic compound | Rt (min) | λmax (nm) | Molecular ion [M - H]− (m/z) | Identity | MS2 (m/z) | Control (100% FC) | LDS (90% FC) | MDS (60% FC) | SDS (30% FC) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hydroxybenzoicacid | |||||||||
 Gallic acid | 9.1 | 254 | 169 | 3,4-5Trihydroxybenzoicacid | 169.2 | 7.23 ± 0.03d | 8.64 ± 0.04c | 10.25 ± 0.05b | 12.25 ± 0.06a |
 Vanilic acid | 30.6 | 254 | 167 | 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoicacid | 167.2 | 9.75 ± 0.07d | 10.12 ± 0.05c | 12.83 ± 0.04b | 15.48 ± 0.08a |
 Syringic acid | 34.8 | 254 | 197 | 4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzoicacid | 197.1 | 1.17 ± 0.02c | 1.22 ± 0.01c | 1.65 ± 0.02b | 1.83 ± 0.01a |
 p-hydroxybenzoic acid | 31.5 | 254 | 137 | 4-hydroxybenzoic acid | 137.2 | 2.64 ± 0.03d | 2.84 ± 0.02c | 3.26 ± 0.02b | 4.07 ± 0.03a |
 Salicylic acid | 48.2 | 254 | 137 | 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid | 137.2 | 17.45 ± 0.21d | 18.96 ± 0.12c | 25.68 ± 0.14b | 28.96 ± 0.16a |
 Ellagic acid | 52.5 | 254 | 301 | (2,3,7,8-tetrahydroxy-chromeno [5,4,3-cde]chromene-5,10-dione | 301.1 | 0.98 ± 0.01d | 1.04 ± 0.02c | 2.15 ± 0.02b | 2.08 ± 0.03a |
Total benzoic acids | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 39.22 | 42.81 | 55.81 | 64.66 |
Hydroxycinnamic acid | |||||||||
 Caffeic acid | 32.0 | 280 | 179 | 3,4-Dihydroxy-trans-cinnamate | 179.1 | 1.56 ± 0.02d | 1.68 ± 0.01c | 1.96 ± 0.02b | 2.68 ± 0.03a |
 Chlorogenic acid | 31.1 | 280 | 353 | 3-(3,4-Dihydroxycinnamoyl) quinic acid | 353.2 | 9.86 ± 0.18d | 10.26 ± 0.24c | 12.54 ± 0.26b | 13.86 ± 0.20a |
 p-coumaric acid | 42.0 | 280 | 163 | 4-hydroxycinnamicacid | 163.1 | 1.04 ± 0.02d | 1.12 ± 0.01c | 2.14 ± 0.02b | 2.24 ± 0.02a |
 Ferulic acid | 47.9 | 280 | 193 | 4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamicacid | 193.2 | 1.02 ± 0.01c | 1.08 ± 0.02c | 1.55 ± 0.01b | 2.15 ± 0.03a |
 m-coumaric acid | 49.6 | 280 | 163 | 3-hydroxycinnamicacid | 163.3 | 3.13 ± 0.03d | 3.54 ± 0.02c | 6.55 ± 0.04b | 7.96 ± 0.05a |
 Sinapic acid | 49.0 | 280 | 223 | 4-Hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxycinnamicacid | 223.2 | 0.26 ± 0.01d | 0.34 ± 0.01c | 0.38 ± 0.01b | 0.42 ± 0.01a |
 Trans-cinnamic acid | 67.3 | 280 | 147 | 3-Phenylacrylic acid | 147.1 | 5.03 ± 0.02d | 5.26 ± 0.01c | 5.54 ± 0.01b | 5.65 ± 0.02a |
Total cinnamic acids | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 21.89 | 23.27 | 31.66 | 34.96 |
Flavonoids | |||||||||
 Iso-quercetin | 54.3 | 360 | 463 | Quercetin-3-glucoside | 463.3 | 3.55 ± 0.02c | 3.58 ± 0.03c | 6.46 ± 0.02b | 7.82 ± 0.04a |
 Hyperoside | 53.3 | 360 | 463 | Quercetin-3-galactoside | 463.5 | 1.18 ± 0.01c | 1.22 ± 0.02c | 1.58 ± 0.01b | 2.05 ± 0.02a |
 Rutin | 53.0 | 360 | 609 | Quercetin-3-rutinoside | 609.4 | 7.89 ± 0.06c | 7.96 ± 0.05c | 9.58 ± 0.06b | 11.24 ± 0.04a |
Total flavonoids | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 57.11 | 62.08 | 82.47 | 95.62 |
Total phenolic acids | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 16.59 | 18.76 | 21.62 | 25.12 |
Total phenolic index | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | 73.70 | 78.84 | 104.09 | 120.74 |