Fig. 10

Descriptive model of the salicylic acid functions toward preventing pollen abortion of rice in response to heat stress. Under heat stress, H₂O₂ is significantly increased in anthers induced by SA under heat stress, which in turn enhances the antioxidant capacity to scavenge excessive ROS. This can inhibit PCD in anthers, and thus prevent tapetum degradation caused by heat stress. Genes such as EAT1, MIL2, and DTM1 are involved in the process of SA-preventing tapetum degradation caused by heat stress, which may be independent of H₂O₂. H₂O₂, hydrogen peroxide; MDA, Malondialdehyde; Casp3, caspase 3 activity; MIL2, Microsporeless 2; EAT1, Eternal Tapetum; DTM1, Defective Tapetum and Meiocytese. The arrow mark “→” indicates induction, while “⊣” indicates inhibition