Fig. 5

GsMATE increases Al tolerance of transgenic Arabidopsis lines. a Al tolerance phenotypes of GsMATE in transgenic lines. b Statistical analysis of relative root length. WT: wild-type of Arabidopsis (Col-0); OX1/OX2: GsMATE overexpression transgenic lines. Two days after germination, seedlings were transferred to culture medium containing 0, 50, 100, and 150 μM AlCl₃ (pH 4.3, 0.5 mM CaCl₂). After 7 days in culture, images of the phenotypes of the GsMATE transgenic lines were recorded for statistical analysis. Data were represented as the mean ± SE of three biological replicates (t-test, p = 0.05). Data were measured using Image J software, analyzed using SPSS20, and plotted using EXCEL2000