Fig. 3

Ectopic expression of MdY3IP1 enhances Arabidopsis tolerance to salt stress. a Expression of MdY3IP1 in various apple tissues. Transcription levels are expressed relative to the level of transcripts in apple roots, which are arbitrarily set at 1. The data are represented by the mean value ± SD for triplicate values. b Expression level of MdY3IP1 under 100 mM NaCl. ‘Gala’ cultivar plantlets were treated with 100 mM NaCl, and samples were collected at 0, 1, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 h after treatment for the expression analysis. c Phenotype of the control and MdY3IP1 transgenic Arabidopsis under salt stress. Arabidopsis seeds were separately sowed to the MS medium. Subsequently, 5-day-old seedlings were transferred to new MS medium supplemented with 0, 100 and 200 mM NaCl, respectively. The photographs were taken at 20 days after transferring. Bars = 1 cm. d, e Primary root length (d) and lateral root numbers (e) of the control and MdY3IP1 transgenic Arabidopsis plants as indicated in (c). Note: In d, e, data are shown as the mean ± SE, based on more than nine replicates. Statistical significance was determined using Student’s t test. n.s., P > 0.01; *P < 0.01