Fig. 1

Phenotypes of host and nonhost interactions of wheat and barley with Blumeria, Magnaporthe and Puccinia. a, Macroscopic phenotypes of wheat cv. Renan and barley cv. Vada 10 days after inoculation with Blumeria isolates, 7 days after inoculation with Magnaporthe isolates and 20 days after inoculation with Puccinia isolates. b, Cytological phenotypes of host and nonhost interactions (summarized and simplified from Additional files 1, 2 and 3). Upper charts show typical fungal infection structures and their time of appearance as observed in host interactions. Lower charts show developmental stages in which fungal growth is typically arrested (and plant responses involved) in respective nonhost interactions. AGT: appressorial germ tube, APP: appressorium, BH: branching hyphae, CS: conidiospore, EPI: epidermis, ESH: elongating secondary hyphae, GT: germ tube, HAU: haustorium, HMC: haustorial mother cell, HR: hypersensitive response, IH: infection hypha, INVH: invasive hyphae, MES: mesophyll, PAP: papilla, PGT: primary germ tube, US: urediniospore, SSV: substomatal vesicle