Fig. 6

Effect of the ABA2 and ABI3 mutations on sinapic acid-mediated seed germination in Arabidopsis. a Germination of aba2-1 and abi3-1 seeds in the presence of 0.5 mM sinapic acid; WT, wild-type. b qRT-PCR analysis of SCT expression in the aba2-1 and abi3-1 mutant plants in response to sinapic acid. The seeds were incubated with 0.5 mM sinapic acid for 36 h at 4 °C in the dark and then germinated on MS medium for 1 d. Total RNAs were isolated from treated and untreated seedlings; Actin2 primers were used in PCR as an internal control. c Analysis of SCT activity in aba2-1 and abi3-1 crude seed extracts. SCT activity was determined in the presence of sinapoylglucose and choline chloride as substrates. d Quantification of sinapoylcholine released from aba2-1 and abi3-1 seeds pretreated with 0.5 mM sinapic acid. e Expression of SCE in aba2-1 and abi3-1 mutant plants in response to 0.5 mM sinapic acid. f Quantification assay of free choline in wild-type, aba2-1, and abi3-1 plants treated with 0.5 mM sinapic acid. Values are means ± SD of three independent experiments. Asterisks indicate significant changes compared with the control (P < 0.05) calculated using Student’s t-test