Fig. 4From: Isoprenoid biosynthesis in dandelion latex is enhanced by the overexpression of three key enzymes involved in the mevalonate pathwayInfluence of AtACL(AB), AtAACT2 and Athmgrc1(S408A) overexpression in dandelion latex on isoprenoid end products in 12-week-old T. brevicorniculatum roots. a Quantitative analysis of triterpene precursors (squalene and 2–3-oxidosqualene), sterols (campesterol, stigmasterol and sitosterol) and pentacyclic triterpenes (taraxasterol, α-amyrin, β-amyrin and lupeol) by GC/MS in freeze-dried roots of transgenic and wild-type (Wt) T. brevicorniculatum plants. Bars represent standard errors of three independent transgenic plants per line. Normal distribution at p < 0.05 was assessed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Asterisks represent significant differences relative to wild-type (ANOVA with Tukey’s honest significant difference test (p < 0.01)). b Quantitative analysis of cis-1,4-isoprene by 1H–NMR in freeze-dried roots of transgenic and wild-type T. brevicorniculatum plants. Bars represent standard errors of three independent transgenic plants per line. Normal distribution at p < 0.05 was assessed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Asterisks represent significant differences relative to wild-type (ANOVA with Tukey’s honest significant difference test (p < 0.01)). c Dolichol composition of freeze-dried root material determined by LC/MS. A mixture of dolichols (13–21 isoprene units) was used as a standard. One representative result for each transgenic line and a wild-type control is shownBack to article page