Fig. 2

Skewing tno1 roots display enhanced root epidermal cell file rotation. a Images of the surface of root tips of WT, KO and COM lines subjected to the skewing assay, imaged under a macro zoom microscope. The black arrow points to epidermal cell file rotation. Scale bar =100 μm. b Confocal microscopic image of propidium iodide-stained elongation zone of WT, KO and COM roots subjected to the skewing assay. Scale bar =100 μm. c Cell file rotation angles of skewing roots of WT, KO and COM lines. All values represent the means of 3 biological replicates, with at least 10 cell files from 5 seedlings analyzed for each replicate. Error bars indicate standard error. Asterisks indicate a statistically significant difference (P < 0.01) by Student’s t-test