Fig. 5

Trimers trigger the up- and down-regulation of genes involved in defense, phytohormone signaling and the OG response, similarly to the long-OG mix (DP > 8). The results from the qRT-PCR gene expression analysis are presented. T/M indicates trimer-treated plants compared to mock treated plants, and L/M indicates plants treated with the long-OG mix (DP > 8) compared to those treated with the mock suspension. A total of 4 time points (1, 3, 6 and 24 h) were analyzed for each gene. Statistical analysis using Student’s t-test is indicated by asterisks in the figure (1 asterisk = P < 0.05, 2 asterisks = P < 0.01, and 3 asterisks = P < 0.001)