DAMPs, MAMPs, and NAMPs in plant innate immunity

BMC Plant Biology

Table 3 Comparison of the innate immune responses and signaling components in Arabidopsis that are induced or utilized by MAMPs, NAMPs, and DAMPs

Inducers	Innate immune responses					Signaling components
Inducers	Ca²⁺ influx	Callose deposition	MPK3/MPK6 activation	ROS production	Defense gene expression	BAK1/BKK1
MAMPs^a	√	√	√	√	√	√
NAMPs	n.d.	n.d.	√	√ ^b	√	√ ^c
DAMPs
Systemin	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	√	n.d.
Hydroxyproline-rich systemin	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	√	n.d.
Plant elicitor peptides (Peps)	√	√	√	√	√	√
Oligogalacturonides (OGs)	√	√	√	√	√	√
Extracellular ATP (eATP)	√	n.d.	√	√	√	n.d.
AtHMGB3 ^d	n.d.	√	√	n.d.	√	√

√ = yes; n.d. = not determined
^a Note most/many, but not all, MAMPs have been shown to utilize the BAK1/BKK1 signaling pathway and induce these innate immune responses
^b Unpublished data – S. Hind, G.B. Martin, P. Manosalva, F.C. Schroeder, D.F. Klessig
^c Unpublished data – M. Manohar, F.C. Schroeder, D.F. Klessig
^d Arabidopsis thaliana High Mobility Group Box 3 protein

ISSN: 1471-2229