DAMPs, MAMPs, and NAMPs in plant innate immunity

BMC Plant Biology

Table 1 Human DAMPs

DAMP		Receptor	Interactor	Reference
High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1)		CXCR4 ^a	CXCL12 ^b	[14]
		TLR4 ^c	CD14 ^d/MD-2 ^e	[15, 63]
		TLR4	LPS ^f	[64, 65]
		TLR3/7/9	Nucleic acids	[66, 67]
		IL-1R1 ^g	IL-1α/β ^h	[68]
		TLR2	Nucleosome	[69]
		CD163 ⁱ	Haptoglobin	[70]
		RAGE ^j		[66, 71]
		Siglec-10 ^k	CD24	[72]
		TIM3 ^l		[73]
Heat Shock Protein (HSP)		TLR2/4	CD14	[74–77]
β-defensin		TLR4		[74, 78]
Peroxiredoxin-2 (PRDX2)				[79]
Calreticulin		CD91		[80, 81]
14-3-3η				[82–85]
Purines	Adenosine	P1		[86, 87]
	ADP	P2Y		[86–89]
	ATP	P2X/P2Y		[86, 87, 90–93]
Pyrimidines	UDP	P2Y		[86, 87, 94]
Pyrimidines	UDP-glucose	P2Y		[86, 87, 95]
Amyloid β		TLR4/6	CD36	[74, 96]
		RAGE		[97–99]
		FPRL1 ^m		[100]
		NLRP3 ⁿ		[101]
S100/calgranulin		RAGE		[102]
S100/calgranulin		TLR4		[103]
Uric acid		TLR2/4	CD14	[104, 105]
Uric acid		NLRP3		[106]
Degradation product of ECM ^o	Biglycan	TLR2/4		[107, 108]
	Hyaluronan	TLR2/4	CD44/MD-2	[30, 109–111]
	Versican	TLR2/6	CD14/MD-2	[112]
	Extra-domain A of fibronectin	TLR4		[113]
	Surfactant protein A	TLR2		[114, 115]
Oxidized LDL ^p		TLR4/6	CD36	[74, 116, 117]
		TLR4		[118]
		SR ^q		[119]
Oxidized phospholipids		PPARα ^r		[120, 121]
Oxidized phospholipids		TLR2/4	CD14/MD-2	[121–124]
mitochondrial DAMPs	DNA (unmethylated CpG)	TLR9		[125]
	ATP	P2X/P2Y		[86, 87, 90–93]
	TFAM ^s			[126]
	N-formyl peptides	FPRs ^t		[127]
	Succinate			[128]
	Cardiolipin	NLRP3		[129]

^a CXCR4: chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4; ^b CXCL12: chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 12; ^c TLR: toll-like receptor; ^d CD: cell differentiation antigen; ^e MD-2: myeloid differentiation protein-2; ^f LPS: lipopolysaccharides; ^g IL-1R1: interleukin 1 receptor, type I; ^h IL: interleukin; ⁱ CD163: cluster of differentiation 163; ^j RAGE: receptor for advanced glycation end products; ^k Siglec-10: sialic acid binding Ig-like lectin -10; ^l TIM3: T-cell immunoglobulin mucin receptor 3; ^m FPRL1: formyl peptide receptor-like 1; ⁿ NLRP: NOD-like receptor protein; ^o ECM: extracellular matrix components; ^p LDL: low density lipoprotein; ^q SR: Scavenger Receptor; ^r PPARα: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha; ^s TFAM: mitochondrial transcription factor A; ^t FPRs: formyl peptide receptors

ISSN: 1471-2229