Fig. 4

The transcript levels of cold (COR15A), pleiotropic stress marker genes (PAL1 and CHS) and chloroplast-ROS marker genes (ZAT10 and BAP1) immediately after 24 h triggering at 4 °C and 24 h later in LTC- and STC-primed plants. The transcript levels were normalized to the respective transcript levels of naïve plants immediately before the on-set of priming. The data were analyzed by ANOVA (Tukey’s test; p < 0.05, n = 3–6). The small letters differentiate significance groups