Distinct expression and function of carotenoid metabolic genes and homoeologs in developing wheat grains

BMC Plant Biology

Table 2 Carotenoid composition and content in developing hexaploid wheat (breeding line 1041) grain sections

μg carotenoid pigment/g fresh weight of tissue								β,ε/β,β
	Lutein	β-carotene	Zeaxanthin	Neoxanthin	Violaxanthin	Antheraxanthin	Total	β,ε/β,β
Embryo 3	2.4 ± 0.33^a	0.46 ± 0.05^a	1.03 ± 0.06^a	0.39 ± 0.02^a	2.53 ± 0.23^a	2.32 ± 0.03^a	9.13 ± 0.69^a	0.36 ± 0.03^a
Embryo 4	2.07 ± 0.23^a	0.37 ± 0.04^a	1.35 ± 0.05^a	0.34 ± 0.04^a	2.42 ± 0.44^a	3.01 ± 0.04^b	9.55 ± 0.74^a	0.28 ± 0.01^b
Embryo 5	1.83 ± 0.54^a	0.37 ± 0.05^a	ND	0.12 ± 0.03^b	1.84 ± 0.39^a	2.03 ± 0.27^a	6.19 ± 1.16^b	0.41 ± 0.06^a
Endosperm 3	0.92 ± 0.1^b	ND	ND	ND	0.9 ± 0.13^b	ND	1.81 ± 0.23^c	1.03 ± 0.04^c
Endosperm 4	0.68 ± 0.02^c	ND	ND	ND	0.45 ± 0.01^c	ND	1.13 ± 0.01^d	1.49 ± 0.07^d
Endosperm 5	0.5 ± 0.06^d	ND	ND	ND	0.17 ± 0.01^d	ND	0.67 ± 0.07^e	2.96 ± 0.3^e
Pericarp 3	22.55 ± 3.22^e	14.34 ± 2.06^b	ND	4.97 ± 0.84^b	11.27 ± 1.62^e	ND	53.13 ± 7.74^f	0.74 ± 0.01^f
Pericarp 4	18.07 ± 1.81^e	10.18 ± 1.01^c	ND	3.69 ± 0.35^b	8.84 ± 0.82^f	ND	40.79 ± 3.99^g	0.8 ± 0.01^g
Pericarp 5	8.94 ± 1.67^f	4.24 ± 0.58^d	ND	1.15 ± 0.43^c	3.95 ± 0.4^g	ND	18.28 ± 3.07^h	0.95 ± 0.03^c

Data presented are mean ± SD of three biological replicates. Different letters indicate significantly (P < 0.05) different carotenoid content or β,ε/β,β ratios in each column. β,ε/β,β, ratio between β,ε- and β,β-branch carotenoids. ND not detectable

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