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Table 2 Carotenoid composition and content in developing hexaploid wheat (breeding line 1041) grain sections

From: Distinct expression and function of carotenoid metabolic genes and homoeologs in developing wheat grains

μg carotenoid pigment/g fresh weight of tissue

β,ε/β,β

 

Lutein

β-carotene

Zeaxanthin

Neoxanthin

Violaxanthin

Antheraxanthin

Total

Embryo 3

2.4 ± 0.33a

0.46 ± 0.05a

1.03 ± 0.06a

0.39 ± 0.02a

2.53 ± 0.23a

2.32 ± 0.03a

9.13 ± 0.69a

0.36 ± 0.03a

Embryo 4

2.07 ± 0.23a

0.37 ± 0.04a

1.35 ± 0.05a

0.34 ± 0.04a

2.42 ± 0.44a

3.01 ± 0.04b

9.55 ± 0.74a

0.28 ± 0.01b

Embryo 5

1.83 ± 0.54a

0.37 ± 0.05a

ND

0.12 ± 0.03b

1.84 ± 0.39a

2.03 ± 0.27a

6.19 ± 1.16b

0.41 ± 0.06a

Endosperm 3

0.92 ± 0.1b

ND

ND

ND

0.9 ± 0.13b

ND

1.81 ± 0.23c

1.03 ± 0.04c

Endosperm 4

0.68 ± 0.02c

ND

ND

ND

0.45 ± 0.01c

ND

1.13 ± 0.01d

1.49 ± 0.07d

Endosperm 5

0.5 ± 0.06d

ND

ND

ND

0.17 ± 0.01d

ND

0.67 ± 0.07e

2.96 ± 0.3e

Pericarp 3

22.55 ± 3.22e

14.34 ± 2.06b

ND

4.97 ± 0.84b

11.27 ± 1.62e

ND

53.13 ± 7.74f

0.74 ± 0.01f

Pericarp 4

18.07 ± 1.81e

10.18 ± 1.01c

ND

3.69 ± 0.35b

8.84 ± 0.82f

ND

40.79 ± 3.99g

0.8 ± 0.01g

Pericarp 5

8.94 ± 1.67f

4.24 ± 0.58d

ND

1.15 ± 0.43c

3.95 ± 0.4g

ND

18.28 ± 3.07h

0.95 ± 0.03c

  1. Data presented are mean ± SD of three biological replicates. Different letters indicate significantly (P < 0.05) different carotenoid content or β,ε/β,β ratios in each column. β,ε/β,β, ratio between β,ε- and β,β-branch carotenoids. ND not detectable