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Table 1 Carotenoid composition and content in developing tetraploid wheat (var. Kronos) grain sections

From: Distinct expression and function of carotenoid metabolic genes and homoeologs in developing wheat grains

μg carotenoid pigment/g fresh weight of tissue

β,ε/β,β

 

Lutein

β-carotene

Zeaxanthin

Neoxanthin

Violaxanthin

Antheraxanthin

Total

Embryo 3

3.75 ± 0.15a

0.36 ± 0.05a

0.28 ± 0.04a

0.42 ± 0.04a

3.06 ± 0.14a

2.05 ± 0.17a

9.93 ± 0.2a

0.61 ± 0.04a

Embryo 4

3.52 ± 0.12a

0.39 ± 0.06a

0.23 ± 0.05a

0.38 ± 0.08a

2.87 ± 0.22ab

1.85 ± 0.08a

9.24 ± 0.56a

0.62 ± 0.04a

Embryo 5

2.46 ± 0.33b

0.39 ± 0.02a

ND

0.34 ± 0.02a

2.55 ± 0.27b

1.83 ± 0.02a

7.33 ± 0.97b

0.51 ± 0.03b

Endosperm 3

4.65 ± 0.38c

ND

ND

ND

1.51 ± 0.08c

ND

6.16 ± 0.4c

3.09 ± 0.29c

Endosperm 4

4.99 ± 0.64c

ND

ND

ND

1.28 ± 0.24c

ND

6.27 ± 0.88bc

3.92 ± 0.21c

Endosperm 5

3.75 ± 0.3a

ND

ND

ND

0.48 ± 0.07d

ND

4.23 ± 0.25d

8.02 ± 1.57d

Pericarp 3

18.92 ± 2.62d

8.98 ± 1.44b

ND

3.72 ± 0.64b

7.65 ± 1.02e

ND

39.27 ± 5.69e

0.93 ± 0.01e

Pericarp 4

15.55 ± 1.43de

7.78 ± 0.5b

ND

2.94 ± 0.3b

6.24 ± 0.66ef

ND

32.5 ± 2.43e

0.92 ± 0.04e

Pericarp 5

12.09 ± 1.73e

5.01 ± 0.42c

ND

2.02 ± 0.15c

4.81 ± 0.63f

ND

23.93 ± 2.93f

1.02 ± 0.04f

  1. Data presented are mean ± SD of three biological replicates. Different letters indicate significantly (P < 0.05) different carotenoid content or β,ε/β,β ratios in each column. β,ε/β,β, ratio between β,ε- and β,β-branch carotenoids. ND not detectable