Fig. 1From: Distinct expression and function of carotenoid metabolic genes and homoeologs in developing wheat grainsBiosynthetic steps leading to lutein and zeaxanthin production in higher plants. Linear and/or cyclized carotenoids may be converted to apocarotenoids by CCDs. PSY, phytoene synthase; PDS, phytoene desaturase; Z-ISO, ζ-carotene isomerase; ZDS, ζ-carotene desaturase; CRTISO, carotenoid isomerase; LCYb, lycopene β-cyclase; LCYe, lycopene ε-cyclase; HYDs, non-heme di-iron-type carotenoid β-ring hydroxylases; CYPs, cytochrome P450-type carotenoid β- and ε-ring hydroxylases; CCD, carotenoid cleavage dioxygenaseBack to article page