Skip to main content

Table 3 Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) based on the 16 SSR loci of the apple germplasm evaluated in this study corresponding to three regions of origin (Northern + Eastern, Southern and Western Europe) and groups and subgroups defined by Structure analysis

From: Analysis of the genetic diversity and structure across a wide range of germplasm reveals prominent gene flow in apple at the European level

Populations

df a

Variance components (%)

W b

A c

W

A

p value

3, geographic origins

1653

2

97.9

2.1

0.001

3, groups defined by Structure

1859

2

96.9

3.1

0.001

3, subgroups of K1

506

2

96.3

3.7

0.001

2, subgroups of K2

401

1

96.6

3.4

0.001

3, subgroups of K3

952

2

97.3

2.7

0.001

8, subgroups (K1+ K2+ K3)

1859

7

95.6

4.4

0.001

  1. a df degrees of freedom
  2. b W within populations
  3. c A among populations