Table 2 Effect of light conditions on carotenoid content (μg 100 g −1 DW) in bilberry fruits
Compound | Light treatment for unripe fruits | Light treatment for ripe fruits | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control | 16/8 h white | Continuous white | 16/8 h white + red/far-red | Control | 16/8 h white | Continuous white | 16/8 h white + red/far-red | |
Lutein | 939.44 ± 95.84 | 1170.85 ± 453.17 | 1221.14 ± 119.55 | 892.26 ± 233.49 | 969.27 ± 324.59 | 457.25 ± 21.71 | 564.34 ± 61.60 | 503.88 ± 75.53 |
β-carotene | 296.52 ± 16.48 a | 392.43 ± 137.69 ab | 469.43 ± 15.71 cb | 265.46 ± 90.87 ab | 342.62 ± 53.00 | 294.33 ± 8.92 | 251.40 ± 12.38 | 302.11 ± 15.34 |
9Z-β-carotene | 140.30 ± 6.57 | 158.06 ± 36.20 | 159.82 ± 2.90 | 141.29 ± 15.52 | 148.86 ± 8.42 | 140.74 ± 2.74 | 141.51 ± 4.22 | 141.90 ± 2.27 |
Zeaxanthin | ud | 162.76 ± 16.74 | 185.18 ± 5.22 | 187.94 ± 18.35 | ud | ud | ud | ud |
Antheraxanthin | 67.37 ± 5.35 | 84.91 ± 15.01 | 69.15 ± 0.85 | 70.55 ± 8.23 | 69.29 ± 15.33 | ud | 54.65 ± 1.22 | ud |
Violaxanthin | 356.08 ± 29.29 | 409.93 ± 115.15 | ud | 291.98 ± 13.36 | 425.91 ± 62.40 | 320.89 ± 17.33 | 324.18 ± 24.68 | 306.41 ± 4.82 |
Neoxanthin | 272.28 ± 51.13 | 356.33 ± 33.22 | 310.67 ± 67.01 | 301.75 ± 67.64 | 228.60 ± 41.17 | 154.95 ± 4.05 | 187.90 ± 5.48 | 179.80 ± 11.63 |
β -cryptoxanthin | ud | ud | ud | ud | ud | ud | 128.00 ± 90.51 | 132.33 ± 76.40 |
Total carotenoids | 2071.99 ± 140.58 | 2681.03 ± 703.42 | 2508.56 ± 241.57 | 1979.33 ± 547.75 | 2163.68 ± 485.14 | 1368.16 ± 46.20 | 1505.76 ± 82.74 | 1451.98 ± 107.76 |